Program Outcomes, Program specific Outcomes and Course Outcomes
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOME AND COURSE OUTCOME
CO PDF
BA ASSAMESE HONOURS COURSE
Assamese Department of LOKD College established 1970 and it is very rich department with so many students. Assamese Department of LOKD College provides students platform for various academic and other important programmes with an environment that is intellectually stimulating and challenging and seeks to teach them not only the discipline in all its dimensions but also valuable life lesson. Its faculty has a reputation for working as a team and many of its activities like – seminars, workshops, curricular, revisions and the declaration of examination result in record time are successful primarily because of this capacity to work together.
Programme Outcome
ASSAMESE HONOURS COURSE
- A study of the history of Assamese Language and Literature will enrich their knowledge of the Assamese Language, Literature and Culture from the beginning.
- They will also learn the socio cultural and political knowledge of the period.
- It gives knowledge on the life of famous poets and authors as well as they are famous work.
- They will also know about research work by their field project.
- Student will be able to engage themselves in the teaching and other jobs like Reporter, Proofreader, News-reader.
Course Specific Outcome
B.A 1st Semester (Hons.)
Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|
ASM-HC-1016 History of Assamese Literature - 1 | They will know about History of Assamese Literature, Pre Sankar Era and Sankar Era |
ASM-HC-1026 History of Assamese Literature - 2 | A Clear idea about Sarit Sahitya, History, Pre Orunodoi, and Orunodoi Era. Also about the writer of Orunodoi Literature |
B.A 2nd Semester (Hons.)
Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|
ASM-HC-2016 Linguistics | They will know about Language, Linguistics and Branches of Linguistics, Phonology, Morphology, Morph and syntax. |
ASM-HC-2026 Literary Criticism | They will know about the Assamese Literature and criticism. |
B.A 3rd Semester (Hons.)
Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|
ASM-HE-5016 Assamese Folk Literature | The student will learn about Folklore of Assam |
ASM-HE-5026 Assamese Romantic Poem | The student will learn about Assamese Poem |
ASM-HE-5036 Sankardev | They will know about the contribution of Sankardev |
ASM-HE-5046 Assamese Science Fiction | They will learn about the Assamese Science Fiction |
B.A 4th Semester (Hons.)
Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|
ASM-HC-4016 Comparative Indian Literature | The student will learn about the theory of comparative Indian Literature and Indian Literature |
ASM-HC-4026 Assimilation of Assamese Language | They will know about the Assimilation of Assamese Language and also Aryan and non- Aryan Language. |
ASM-HC-4036 Assamese Prose | They will know about History of Assamese Prose |
B.A 5th Semester (Hons.)
Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|
ASM-HC-5016 Assamese Drama and Presentation Style | The student will learn about History of Assamese Drama and the Presentation Style |
ASM-HC-5026 Assamese Grammar | The student will learn about the History of Assamese Grammar, Branches of Grammar and Elements of Assamese Grammar |
B.A 6th Semester (Hons.)
Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|
ASM-HC-6016 Assamese Short story and Novel | They will know about History of Assamese short story and novel |
ASM-HC-6026 History of Assamese Script | The student will learn about the Origin of Assamese Script and its evolution |
B.A 3rd Semester
Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|
ASM-SE-3014 Skill Development | They will learn about Translation form Assamese to English, English to Hindi and also learn about proof reading |
B.A 4th Semester
Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|
ASM-SE-4014 Skill Development | The student will learn how to write creative writings |
B.A 5th Semester
(Elective)
Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|
ASM-HE-5016 Assamese Folk Literature | The student will learn about Folklore of Assam |
ASM-HE-5026 Assamese Romantic Poem | The student will learn about Assamese Poem |
ASM-HE-5036 Sankardev | They will know about the contribution of Sankardev |
ASM-HE-5046 Assamese Science Fiction | They will learn about the Assamese Science Fiction |
B.A 6th Semester
(Elective)
Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|
ASM-HE-6016 Lakshminath Bazbaroa | They will learn about the contribution of Lakshminath Bazbaroa towards the Assamese society |
ASM-HE-6026 Banikanta Kakati | They will learn about the contribution of Banikanta Kakati towards the Assamese society |
ASM-HE-6036 Assamese children Literature | They will know about the Assamese Children Literature |
ASM-HE-6046 Assamese Dialectology | They will learn about the Assamese Dialect and Dialect used in Assamese Literature |
ASM-HE-6056 Project Paper | The student will learn about how to make Project |
B.A - Assamese, Generic
Semester | Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|---|
I | ASM-HG-1016 Recitation | They will learn the theoretical and practical knowledge Recitation |
II | ASM-HG-2016 Adaptation | They will learn the theoretical and practical knowledge Adaptation |
III | ASM-HG-3016 Assamese Drama And Theatre Art | They will learn the theoretical and practical knowledge of Assamese Drama and Theatre Art |
IV | ASM-HG-4016 Modern Assamese Lyrical Literature | They will learn about the Modern Assamese Lyrical Literature and its development |
B.SC PHYSICS
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOME
Physics explains the fundamental laws of the universe and introduces important concepts that are essential for advanced study of chemistry, biology and all other branches of science. It contributes to the technological infrastructure and provides trained personnel needed to take advantage of scientific advances and discoveries. Physics is an important element in the education of chemists, engineers and scientists.
The course is designed in such a way to form a formidable foundation to the undergraduate students to understand the basic concepts and give insights into day to day science activities, recent developments and experiences. The course provides flexibility serving as a stepping stone to advanced work in higher studies in related areas such as astronomy, engineering ,material science, atmospheric science, environmental science and various fields. The course provides the basis for further study and enable students to follow new developments in science with heightened awareness and comprehension.
After completion of the course students can go for higher studies and persue masters course in Physics or its allied branches nuclear physics, electronics, instrumentation , geophysics, radiological physics etc. They can further be engaged in research activities. A graduate student in physics can further after completion of higher studies prepare for competitive examinations which will help them in getting job in various government , private organizations and public sector units as pharmaceutical industry, teaching positions in various government and private organizations, scientific officers, technical assistants in various academic institutions, research laboratories etc, different positions in defence research laboratories, telecommunication sector, railway signal processing and management, aviation etc.
Program Learning Outcomes in B.Sc (Honours) Physics
The student graduating with the Degree B.Sc (Honours) Physics should be able to
- Acquire
- a fundamental/systematic or coherent understanding of the academic field of Physics, its different learning areas and applications in basic Physics like Astrophysics, Material science, Nuclear and Particle Physics, Condensed matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Mathematical Physics, Analytical dynamics, Space science, and its linkages with related disciplinary areas/subjects like Chemistry, Mathematics, Life sciences, Environmental sciences, Atmospheric Physics, Computer science, Information Technology;
- procedural knowledge that creates different types of professionals related to the disciplinary/subject area of Physics, including professionals engaged in research and development, teaching and government/public service;
- skills in areas related to one’s specialization area within the disciplinary/subject area of Physics and current and emerging developments inthe field of Physics.
- Demonstrate the ability to use skills in Physics and its related areas of technology for formulating and tackling Physics-related problems and identifying and applying appropriate physical principles and methodologies to solve a wide range of problems associated with Physics.
- Recognize the importance of mathematical modeling simulation and computing, and the role of approximation and mathematical approaches to describing the physical world.
- Plan and execute Physics-related experiments or investigations, analyze and interpret data/information collected using appropriate methods, including the use of appropriate software such as programming languages and purpose-written packages, and report accurately the findings of the experiment/investigations while relating the conclusions/findings to relevant theories of Physics.
- Demonstrate relevant generic skills and global competencies such as
- problem-solving skills that are required to solve different types of Physics-related problems with well-defined solutions, and tackle open-ended problems that belong to the disciplinary- area boundaries;
- investigative skills, including skills of independent investigation of Physics-related issues and problems;
- communication skills involving the ability to listen carefully, to read texts and research papers analytically and to present complex information in a concise manner to different groups/audiences of technical or popular nature;
- analytical skills involving paying attention to detail and ability to construct logical arguments using correct technical language related to Physics and ability to translate them with popular language when needed;
- ICT skills;
- personal skills such as the ability to work both independently and in a group.
- Demonstrate professional behavior such as
- being objective, unbiased and truthful in all aspects of work and avoiding unethical, irrational behavior such as fabricating, falsifying or misrepresenting data or committing plagiarism;
- the ability to identify the potential ethical issues in work-related situations;
- appreciation of intellectual property, environmental and sustainability issues; and
- promoting safe learning and working environment
Structure of courses in B.Sc (Honours) Physics
The B.Sc. (Honours) Physics program is also based on the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) approved by the UGC with a total of 148 credits. Out of 148 credits, 84 credits of core courses (CC) and 8 credits of Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC) are mandatory while 24 credits of Discipline specific course and 24 credits of Generic Elective Courses (GEC) from Interdisciplinary disciplines as well as 16 credits of Skilled Enhancement courses are elective. A student can offer more than 148 credits (but not more than a total of 160 credits) to qualify for the grant of the B.Sc. (Honours) Physics degree after completing them successfully as per rules and regulations of the HEI.
A detailed list of Core Courses, Discipline Specific Courses (DSE) Generic Elective Courses (GEC), Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC) and Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC)
Course Learning Outcomes(CLO)
A) B.Sc. (Hons.) Physics Courses
1. Core Courses (CC)
C-I: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-I
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome:
- Revise the knowledge of calculus, vectors, vector calculus, probability and probability distributions. These basic mathematical structures are essential in solving problems in various branches of Physics as well as in engineering.
- Learn the curvilinear coordinates which have applications in problems with spherical and cylindrical symmetries.
- Learn the Dirac delta function its properties, which have applications in various branches of Physics, especially quantum mechanics.
- In the laboratory course, learn the fundamentals of the C and C++ programming languages and their applications in solving simple physical problems involving interpolations, differentiations, integrations, differential equations as well as finding the roots of equations.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Calculus
- Vector Calculus
- Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates
- Dirac Delta function and its properties
- Introductory theory of probability
- Skills to be learned:
- Training in calculus will prepare the student to solve various mathematical problems.
- He / she shall develop an understanding of how to formulate a physics problem and solve given mathematical equation risen out of it.
C-II: MECHANICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- Understand laws of motion and their application to various dynamical situations, notion of inertial frames and concept of Galilean invariance. He / she will learn the concept of conservation of energy, momentum, angular momentum and apply them to basic problems.
- Understand the analogy between translational and rotational dynamics, and application of both motions simultaneously in analyzing rolling with slipping.
- Write the expression for the moment of inertia about the given axis of symmetry for different uniform mass distributions.
- Understand the phenomena of collisions and idea about center of mass and laboratory frames and their correlation.
- Understand the principles of elasticity through the study of Young Modulus and modulus of rigidity.
- Understand simple principles of fluid flow and the equations governing fluid dynamics.
- Apply Kepler’s law to describe the motion of planets and satellite in circular orbit, through the study of law of Gravitation.
- Explain the phenomena of simple harmonic motion and the properties of systems executing such motions.
- Describe how fictitious forces arise in a non-inertial frame, e.g., why a person sitting in a merry-go-round experiences an outward pull.
- Describe special relativistic effects and their effects on the mass and energy of a moving object.
- appreciate the nuances of Special Theory of Relativity (STR)
- In the laboratory course, the student shall perform experiments related to mechanics (compound pendulum), rotational dynamics ( Flywheel), elastic properties (Young Modulus and Modulus of Rigidity) and fluid dynamics ( verification of Stokes law, Searle method) etc.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Fundamental of Dynamics
- Work and Energy
- Collisions
- Rotational Dynamics
- Elasticity
- Fluid Motion
- Gravitation and cathode force Motion
- Oscillation
- Non-inertial Systems
- Special Theory of Relativity
- Skills to be learned
- Learn basics of the kinematics and dynamics linear and rotational motion.
- Learn the concepts of elastic in constant of solids and viscosity of fluids.
- Develop skills to understand and solve the equations of Newtonian Gravity and central force problem.
- Acquire basic knowledge of oscillation.
- Learn about inertial and non-inertial systems and essentials of special theory of relativity.
C-III: ELECTRCITY AND MAGNETISM
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- Demonstrate Gauss law, Coulomb’s law for the electric field, and apply it to systems of point charges as well as line, surface, and volume distributions of charges.
- Explain and differentiate the vector (electric fields, Coulomb’s law) and scalar (electric potential, electric potential energy) formalisms of electrostatics.
- Apply Gauss’s law of electrostatics to solve a variety of problems.
- Articulate knowledge of electric current, resistance and capacitance in terms of electric field and electric potential.
- Demonstrate a working understanding of capacitors.
- Describe the magnetic field produced by magnetic dipoles and electric currents.
- Explain Faraday-Lenz and Maxwell laws to articulate the relationship between electric and magnetic fields.
- Understand the dielectric properties, magnetic properties of materials and the phenomena of electromagnetic induction.
- Describe how magnetism is produced and list examples where its effects are observed.
- Apply Kirchhoff’s rules to analyze AC circuits consisting of parallel and/or series combinations of voltage sources and resistors and to describe the graphical relationship of resistance, capacitor and inductor.
- Apply various network theorems such as Superposition, Thevenin, Norton, Reciprocity, Maximum Power Transfer, etc. and their applications in electronics, electrical circuit analysis, and electrical machines.
- In the laboratory course the student will get an opportunity to verify various laws in electricity and magnetism such as Lenz’s law, Faraday’s law and learn about the construction, working of various measuring instruments.
- Should be able to verify of various circuit laws, network theorems elaborated above, using simple electric circuits.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Electric Field and Electric Potential
- Conservative nature of Electrostatic Field
- Electrostatic energy of system of charges
- Dielectric Properties of Matter
- Magnetic Field
- Magnetic Properties of Matter
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Electrical Circuits
- Network Theorems
- Ballistic Galvanometer
- Skills to be learned
- This course will help in understanding basic concepts of electricity and magnetism and their applications.
- Basic course in electrostatics will equips the student with required prerequisites to understand electrodynamics phenomena.
C-IV: WAVES AND OPTICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- Recognize and use a mathematical oscillator equation and wave equation, and derive these equations for certain systems.
- Apply basic knowledge of principles and theories about the behaviour of light and the physical environment to conduct experiments.
- Understand the principle of superposition of waves, so thus describe the formation of standing waves.
- Explain several phenomena we can observe in everyday life that can be explained as wave phenomena.
- Use the principles of wave motion and superposition to explain the Physics of polarisation, interference and diffraction.
- Understand the working of selected optical instruments like biprism, interferometer, diffraction grating, and holograms.
- In the laboratory course, student will gain hands-on experience of using various optical instruments and making finer measurements of wavelength of light using Newton Rings experiment, Fresnel Biprism etc. Resolving power of optical equipment can be learnt firsthand.
- The motion of coupled oscillators, study of Lissajous figures and behaviour of transverse, longitudinal waves can be learnt in this laboratory course.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Superposition of Two Collinear Harmonic Oscillations
- Superposition of Two Perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations
- Waves Motion – General
- Velocity of Waves
- Superposition of Two Harmonics Waves
- Wave Optics
- Interference
- Michelson’s Interferometer
- Diffraction
- Fraunhofer Diffraction
- Fresnel Diffraction
- Holography
- Skills to be learned
- He / she shall develop an understanding of various aspects of harmonic oscillations and waves specially.
- Superposition of collinear and perpendicular harmonic oscillations
- Various types of mechanical waves and their superposition.
- This course in basics of optics will enable the student to understand various optical phenomena, principles, workings and applications optical instruments.
C-V: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-II
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- Learn the Fourier analysis of periodic functions and their applications in physical problems such as vibrating strings etc.
- Learn about the special functions, such as the Hermite polynomial, the Legendre polynomial, the Laguerre polynomial and Bessel functions and their differential equations and their applications in various physical problems such as in quantum mechanics which they will learn in future courses in detail.
- Learn the beta, gamma and the error functions and their applications in doing integrations.
- Know about the basic theory of errors, their analysis, estimation with examples of simple experiments in Physics.
- Acquire knowledge of methods to solve partial differential equations with the examples of important partial differential equations in Physics.
- In the laboratory course, learn the basics of the Scilab software, their utility, advantages and disadvantages.
- Apply the Scilab software in curve fittings, in solving system of linear equations, generating and plotting special functions such as Legendre polynomial and Bessel functions, solving first and second order ordinary and partial differential equations.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Fourier Series
- Special Functions
- Special Integrals
- Theory of Errors
- Partial Differential Equation
- Skills to be learned
- Training in mathematical tools like calculus, integration, series solution approach , special function will prepare the student to solve ODE, PDE’s which model physical phenomena.
- He / she shall develop an understanding of how to model a given physical phenomena such as pendulum motion, rocket motion, stretched string, etc., into set of ODE’s, PDE’s and solve them.
- These skills will help in understanding the behavior of the modeled system.
C-VI: THERMAL PHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- Comprehend the basic concepts of thermodynamics, the first and the second law of thermodynamics, the concept of entropy and the associated theorems, the thermodynamic potentials and their physical interpretations.
- Learn about Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations.
- Learn the basic aspects of kinetic theory of gases, Maxwell-Boltzman distribution law, equitation of energies, mean free path of molecular collisions, viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusion and Brownian motion.
- Learn about the real gas equations, Van der Waal equation of state, the Joule.
- In the laboratory course, the students are expected to do some basic experiments in thermal Physics, viz., determinations of Stefan’s constant, coefficient of thermal conductivity, temperature coefficient of resistant, variation of thermo-emf of a thermocouple with temperature difference at its two junctions and calibration of a thermocouple.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Zeroth and First Law of Thermodynamics
- Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Entropy
- Thermodynamic Potentials
- Maxwell’s Thermodynamic Relations
- Kinetic Theory of Gases : Distribution of Velocities Molecular Collisions Real Gases
- Skills to be learned
- This basic course in thermodynamics will enable the student to understand various thermo dynamical concepts, principles.
C-VII: DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- Basic working of an oscilloscope including its different components and to employ the same to study different wave forms and to measure voltage, current, frequency and phase.
- Secure first-hand idea of different components including both active and passive components to gain a insight into circuits using discrete components and also to learn about integrated circuits.
- About analog systems and digital systems and their differences, fundamental logic gates, combinational as well as sequential and number systems.
- Synthesis of Boolean functions, simplification and construction of digital circuits by employing Boolean algebra.
- Sequential systems by choosing FlipFlop as a building bock- construct multivibrators, counters to provide a basic idea about memory including RAM,ROM and also about memory organization.
- Microprocessor and assembly language programming with special reference to IntelµP 8085.
- In the laboratory he is expected to construct both combinational circuits and sequential circuits by employing NAND as building blocks and demonstrate Adders, Subtractors, Shift Registers, and multivibrators using 555 ICs. He is also expected to use µP 8085 to demonstrate the same simple programme using assembly language and execute the programme using a µP kit.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Digital storage oscilloscope.
- Active and passive filters
- Fundamental logic gates, combinational as well as sequential and number systems.
- Synthesis of Boolean functions, simplification and construction of digital circuits by employing Boolean algebra.
- Sequential systems by choosing Flip Flop as a building bock- construct multivibrators, counters to provide a basic idea about memory including RAM,ROM and also about memory organization.
- Microprocessor and assembly language programming with special reference to Intel µP 8085.
- Skills to be learned
- Acquire skills to understanding the functioning and operation of CRO to measure physical quantities in electrical and electronic circuits.
- Learn the basics of IC and digital circuits, and difference between analog and digital circuits. Various logic GATES and their realization using diodes and transmitters.
- Learn fundamental of Boolean algebra and their role in constructing digital circuits.
- Learn about combinatorial and sequential systems by building block circuits to construct multivibrators and counters.
- Understand basics of microprocessor and assembly language programming with examples.
C-VIII: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-III
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- Learn about the complex numbers and their properties, functions of complex numbers and their properties such as analyticity, poles and residues. The students are expected to learn the residue theorem and its applications in evaluating definite integrals.
- Learn about the Fourier transform, the inverse Fourier transform, their properties and their applications in physical problems. They are also expected to learn the Laplace transform, the inverse Laplace transforms, their properties and their applications in solving physical problems.
- In the laboratory course, the students should apply their C++/Scilab programming language to solve the following problems:
- Solution first- and second- order ordinary differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions,
- Evaluation of the Gaussian integrals,
- Evaluation of a converging infinite series up to a desired accuracy,
- Evaluation of the Fourier coefficients of a given periodic function,
- Plotting the Legendre polynomials and the Bessel functions of different orders and interpretations of the results,
- Least square fit of a given data to a graph,
- Broad contents of the course:
- Complex Analysis
- Integrals Transforms
- Fourier Transforms
- Laplace Transform
- Skills to be learned
- Knowledge of various mathematical tools like complex analysis, integral transform will equip the student with reference to solve a given ODE, PDE.
- These skills will help in understanding the behavior of the modeled system/s.
C-IX: ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- Know main aspects of the inadequacies of classical mechanics and understand historical development of quantum mechanics and ability to discuss and interpret experiments that reveal the dual nature of matter.
- Understand the theory of quantum measurements, wave packets and uncertainty principle.
- Understand the central concepts of quantum mechanics: wave functions, momentum and energy operator, the Schrodinger equation, time dependent and time independent cases, probability density and the normalization techniques, skill development on problem solving e.g. one dimensional rigid box, tunneling through potential barrier, step potential, rectangular barrier.
- Understanding the properties of nuclei like density, size, binding energy, nuclear forces and structure of atomic nucleus, liquid drop model and nuclear shell model and mass formula.
- Ability to calculate the decay rates and lifetime of radioactive decays like alpha, beta, gamma decay. Neutrinos and its properties and role in theory of beta decay.
- Understand fission and fusion well as nuclear processes to produce nuclear energy in nuclear reactor and stellar energy in stars.
- Understand various interactions of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Electron positron pair creation.
- Understand the spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation, optical pumping and population inversion. Three level and four level lasers. Ruby laser and He-Ne laser in details. Basic lasing.
- In the laboratory course, the students will get opportunity to perform the following experiments:
- Measurement of Planck’s constant by more than one method.
- Verification of the photoelectric effect and determination of the work Function of a metal.
- Determination of the charge of electron and e/m of electron.
- Determination of the ionization potential of atoms.
- Determine the wavelength of the emission lines in the spectrum of Hydrogen atom.
- Determine the absorption lines in the rotational spectrum of molecules.
- Determine the wavelength of Laser sources by single and Double slit experiments
- Determine the wavelength and angular spread of He-Ne Laser using plane diffraction grating.
- Verification of the law of the Radioactive decay and determine the mean life time of a Radioactive Source, Study the absorption of the electrons from Beta decay. Study of the electron spectrum in Radioactive Beta decays of nuclei.
- Plan and Execute 2-3 group projects in the field of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics in collaboration with other institutions, if, possible where advanced facilities are available.
- Broad contents of the course:
- One dimensional potential problem of bound states and scattering.
- Elementary introduction of nuclear physics with emphasis on:
- Nuclear Structure
- Nuclear Forces
- Nuclear Decays
- Fission and Fusion
- Introduction to Lasers.
- Skills to be learned
- Comprehend the failure of classical physics and need for quantum physics.
- Grasp the basic foundation of various experiments establishing the quantum physics by doing the experiments in laboratory and interpreting them.
- Formulate the basic theoretical problems in one, two and three dimensional physics and solver them
- Learning to apply the basic skills developed in quantum physics to various problems in:
- Nuclear Physics
- Atomic Physics
- Laser Physics
- Learn to apply basic quantum physics to Ruby Laser, He-Ne Laser
C-X: ANALOG SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- N- and P- type semiconductors, mobility, drift velocity, fabrication of P-N junctions; forward and reverse biased junctions.
- Application of PN junction for different type of rectifiers and voltage regulators.
- NPN and PNP transistors and basic configurations namely common base, common emitter and common collector, and also about current and voltage gain.
- Biasing and equivalent circuits, coupled amplifiers and feedback in amplifiers and oscillators.
- Operational amplifiers and knowledge about different configurations namely inverting and non-inverting and applications of operational amplifiers in D to A and A to D conversions.
- To characterize various devices namely PN junction diodes, LEDs, Zener diode, solar cells, PNP and NPN transistors. Also construct amplifiers and oscillators using discrete components. Demonstrate inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using op-amps.
- Broad contents of the course:
- N- and P- type semiconductors,
- Fabrication of p-n junctions; forward and reverse biased junctions.
- Application of P N junction
- Rectifiers and voltage regulators.
- NPN and PNP transistors and
- Common base, common emitter and common collector
- Current and voltage gain.
- Biasing and equivalent circuits,
- Coupled amplifiers and feedback in amplifiers and oscillators.
- Operational amplifiers and its applications in D to A and A to D convertors
- Skills to be learned
- Learn basic concepts of semiconductor diodes and their applications to rectifiers.
- Learn about junction transistor and their applications.
- Learn about different types of amplifiers including operational amplifier. (Op-Amp) and their applications.
- Learn about sinusoidal oscillators of various types and A/D conversion.
C-XI: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND APPLICATIONS QUANTUM MECHANICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- After an exposition of inadequacies of classical mechanics in explaining microscopic phenomena, quantum theory formulation is introduced through Schrodinger equation.
- The interpretation of wave function of quantum particle and probabilistic nature of its location and subtler points of quantum phenomena are exposed to the student.
- Through understanding the behavior of quantum particle encountering a i) barrier, ii) potential, the student gets exposed to solving non-relativistic hydrogen atom, for its spectrum and eigenfunctions.
- Study of influence of electric and magnetic fields on atoms will help in understanding Stark effect and Zeeman Effect respectively.
- The experiments using Sci-lab will enable the student to appreciate nuances involved in the theory.
- This basic course will form a firm basis to understand quantum many body problems.
- In the laboratory course, with the exposure in computational programming in the computer lab, the student will be in a position to solve Schrodinger equation for ground state energy and wave functions of various simple quantum mechanical one- dimensional and three dimensional potentials.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Time dependent Schrodinger equation
- Time independent Schrodinger equation
- General discussion of bound states in an arbitrary potential
- Quantum Theory of hydrogen-like atoms
- Atoms in Electric and Magnetic Fields
- Atoms in External Magnetic Fields
- Many electron atoms
- Skills to be learned
- This course shall develop an understanding of how to model a given problem such as particle in a box, hydrogen atom, hydrogen atom in electric fields.
- Many electron atoms, L-S and J-J couplings.
- These skills will help in understanding the different Quantum Systems in atomic and nuclear physics.
C-XII: SOLID STATE PHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- A brief idea about crystalline and amorphous substances, about lattice, unit cell, miller indices, reciprocal lattice, concept of Brillouin zones and diffraction of X-rays by crystalline materials.
- Knowledge of lattice vibrations, phonons and in depth of knowledge of Einstein and Debye theory of specific heat of solids.
- At knowledge of different types of magnetism from diamagnetism to ferromagnetism and hysteresis loops and energy loss.
- Secured an understanding about the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of materials.
- Understanding above the band theory of solids and must be able to differentiate insulators, conductors and semiconductors.
- Understand the basic idea about superconductors and their classifications.
- To carry out experiments based on the theory that they have learned to measure the magnetic susceptibility, dielectric constant, trace hysteresis loop. They will also employ to four probe methods to measure electrical conductivity and the hall set up to determine the hall coefficient of a semiconductor.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Crystalline and amorphous substances, lattice, unit cell, miller indices, reciprocal lattice. Brillouin zones and diffraction of X-rays by crystalline materials.
- Lattice vibrations and phonons
- Different types of magnetism
- Dielectric and ferroelectric materials.
- Band theory of solids
- Insulators, conductors and semiconductors.
- Superconductors and their classifications.
- Skills to be learned
- Learn basics of crystal structure and physics of lattice dynamics
- Learn the physics of different types of material like magnetic materials, dielectric materials, metals and their properties.
- Understand the physics of insulators, semiconductor and conductors with special emphasis on the elementary band theory of semiconductors.
- Comprehend the basic theory of superconductors. Type I and II superconductors, their properties and physical concept of BCS theory.
C-XIII: ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- Achieve an understanding of the Maxwell’s equations, role of displacement current, gauge transformations, scalar and vector potentials, Coulomb and Lorentz gauge, boundary conditions at the interface between different media.
- Apply Maxwell’s equations to deduce wave equation, electromagnetic field energy, momentum and angular momentum density.
- Analyse the phenomena of wave propagation in the unbounded, bounded, vacuum, dielectric, guided and unguided media.
- Understand the laws of reflection and refraction and to calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients at plane interface in bounded media.
- Understand the linear, circular and elliptical polarisations of em waves. Production as well as detection of waves in laboratory.
- Understand propagation of em waves in anisotropic media, uni-axial and biaxial crystals phase retardation plates and their uses.
- Understand the concept of optical rotation, theories of optical rotation and their experimental rotation, calculation of angle rotation and specific rotation.
- Understand the features of planar optical wave guide and obtain the Electric field components, Eigen value equations, phase and group velocities in a dielectric wave guide.
- Understand the fundamentals of propagation of electromagnetic waves through optical fibres and calculate numerical apertures for step and graded indices and transmission losses.
- In the laboratory course, the student gets an opportunity to perform experiments Demonstrating principles of
- Interference, Refraction and diffraction of light using monochromatic sources of light. Demonstrate interference, Refraction and Diffraction using microwaves.
- Determine the refractive index of glass and liquid using total internal reflection of light.
- Verify the laws of Polarisation for plane polarised light.
- Determine Polarisation of light by Reflection and determine the polarization angle off or air-glass surface
- Determine the wavelength and velocity of Ultrasonic waves in liquids using diffraction.
- Study specific rotation of sugar using Polarimeter.
- Analyze experimentally the Elliptically Polarised light using Babinet’s Compensator
- Study Experimentally the angle dependence of radiation for a simple dipole antenna
- Plan and Execute 2-3 group projects for designing new experiments based on the Syllabii.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Review of Maxwell’s equations
- EM wave propagation in unbounded media of various types
- EM wave propagation in bounded media separated by two types of media
- Polarization of electromagnetic waves
- Wave guides
- Optical fibres
- Skills to be learned
- Comprehend the role of Maxwell’s equation in unifying electricity and magnetism.
- Derive expression for:
- Energy density
- Momentum density
- Angular momentum density of the electromagnetic field
- Learn the implications of Gauge invariance in EM theory in solving the wave equations and develop the skills to actually solve the wave equation in various media like:
- Vacuum
- Dielectric medium
- Conducting medium
- Dilute plasma
- Derive and understand associated with the properties, EM wave passing through the interface between two media like:
- Reflection
- Refraction
- Transmission
- EM waves
- Learn the basic physics associated with the polarization of electromagnetic waves by doing various experiments for:
- Plane polarized light
- Circularly polarized light
- Learn the application of EM theory to:
- Wave guides of various types
- Optical fibers in theory and experiment
C-XIV: STATISTICAL MECHANICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- Understand the concepts of microstate, macrostate, ensemble, phase space, thermodynamic probability and partition function.
- Understand the combinatoric studies of particles with their distinguishably or indistinguishably nature and conditions which lead to the three different distribution laws e.g. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, Bose-Einstein distribution and Fermi-Dirac distribution laws of particles and their derivation.
- Comprehend and articulate the connection as well as dichotomy between classical statistical mechanics and quantum statistical mechanics.
- Learn to apply the classical statistical mechanics to derive the law of equipartition of energy and specific heat.
- Understand the Gibbs paradox, equipartition of energy and concept of negative temperature in two level system.
- Learn to derive classical radiation laws of black body radiation. Wiens law, Rayleigh Jeans law, ultraviolet catastrophe. Saha ionization formula.
- Learn to calculate the macroscopic properties of degenerate photon gas using BE distribution law, understand Bose-Einstein condensation law and liquid Helium. Bose derivation of Plank’s law
- Understand the concept of Fermi energy and Fermi level, calculate the macroscopic properties of completely and strongly degenerate Fermi gas, electronic contribution to specific heat of metals.
- Understand the application of F-D statistical distribution law to derive thermodynamic functions of a degenerate Fermi gas, electron gas in metals and their properties.
- Calculate electron degeneracy pressure and ability to understand the Chandrasekhar mass limit, stability of white dwarfs against gravitational collapse.
- In the laboratory course, the students gets an opportunity to verify Stefan’s Law of radiation and determine Stefan’s constant.
- Design and perform some experiments to determine Boltzmann’ Constant.
- Use Computer simulations to study:
- Planck’s Black Body radiation Law and compare with the Wien’s Law and Raleigh – Jean’s Law in appropriate temperature region.
- Specific Heat of Solids by comparing, Dulong-Petit, Einstein’s and Debye’s Laws and study their temperature dependence
- Compare the following distributions as a function of temperature for various energies and the parameters of the distribution functions:
- Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
- Bose-Einstein distribution
- Fermi-Dirac distribution
- Do 3-5 assignments given by the course instructor to apply the methods of Statistical mechanics to simple problems in Solid State Physics and Astrophysics
- Do the regular weekly assignments of at least 2-3 problems given by the course instructor.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Classical Statistics
- Classical Theory of Radiation
- Quantum Theory of Radiation
- Bose-Einstein Statistics and its Applications
- Fermi-Dirac Statistics and its Applications.
- Skills to be learned
- Learn the basic concepts and definition of physical quantities in classical statistics and classical distribution law.
- Learn the application of classical statistics to theory of radiation.
- Comprehend the failure of classical statistics and need for quantum statistics.
- Learn the application of quantum statistics to derive and understand.
- Bose Einstein statistics and its applications to radiation.
- Fermi-Dirac statistic and its applications to quantum systems.
Discipline Specific Elective Course(DSE)
DSE-I: EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student should be able to:
- About accuracy and precision, different types of errors and statistical analysis of data.
- About Noise and signal, signal to noise ratio, different types of noises and their identification.
- Concept of electromagnetic interference and necessity of grounding.
- About transducers and basic concepts of instrumentation-Different types of transducers and sensors.
- Working of a digital multimeter.
- Vacuum systems including ultrahigh vacuum systems.
- Conduct Experiments using different transducers including LVDT and gain hands on experience and verify the theory.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Accuracy and precision,
- Different types of errors and statistical analysis of data.
- Noise and signal, signal to noise ratio, different types of noises
- Electromagnetic interference and necessity of grounding.
- Transducers
- Different types of transducers and sensors.
- Digital multimeter.
- Vacuum systems including ultrahigh vacuum systems.
- Skills to be learned
- Develop skills to analyse data, make approximation and perform error analysis using basic methods of statistics.
- Learn the working principle of transduces, their application and study of the efficiency. Develop understanding of analog and digital instruments and earn to use them in making physical measurements.
- Develop their understanding of signal, noise, and fluctuations in making physical measurements.
- Understanding of Impedances Bridges, Q meters as well as vacuum systems using various types of pumps and pressure gauges.
DSE-II: EMBEDDED SYSTEM: INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student is expected to master the following:
- Embedded systems including its generic architecture, design and classifications, Embedded processors and microcontrollers.
- Organization of intel microprocessor 8085, its architecture, pin diagram, timing diagram, instruction set and programming in assembly language.
- Organization of Intel 8051 microcontroller, its architecture, instruction set, programming and its memory organization, timing diagram.
- Input/output operations and manipulation for arithmetic and logical operations.
- Programming with and without interrupt service request.
- Interfacing parallel and serial ADC and DAC.
- Basics of embedded system development and product development with a brief introduction to Arduino.
- Student shall be able to design, fabricate, test and run the programs.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Embedded Systems
- Intel microprocessor 8085.
- Intel 8051 microcontroller, architecture, instruction set, programming and its memory organization, timing diagram.
- Input/output operations and manipulation for arithmetic and logical operations.
- Programming with and without interrupt service request.
- Interfacing parallel and serial ADC and DAC.
- Embedded system development and product development
- Skills to be learned
- Learn the architecture of embedded systems, their classification and application.
- Learn about the microprocessors and the organization of microprocessor based systems.
- Acquire knowledge of microcontrollers and their role in 1/0 port programming and their interface with peripherals.
- Learn about analog to digital and digital to analog convertors.
- Learn basics of Arduino and programming.
DSE-III: PHYSICS OF DEVICES AND COMMUNCICATION
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student is expected to master the following:
- Metal oxide semiconductors, UJT, JFET, MOSFET, Charge coupled Devices and Tunnel Diode.
- Power Supply and the role of Capacitance and Inductance filters.
- Active and passive filters and various types of filters.
- Multivibrators using transistors, Phase locked loops, voltage controlled oscillators
- Basics of photolithography for IC fabrication, about masks and etching.
- Concepts of parallel and serial communication and knowledge of USB standards and GPIB.
- Basic idea of communication including different modulation techniques.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Metal oxide semiconductors, UJT, JFET, MOSFET, Charge coupled Devices and Tunnel Diode.
- Power Supply and the role of Capacitance and Inductance filters.
- Active and passive filters and various types of filters.
- Multivibrators using transistors, Phase locked loops, voltage controlled oscillators
- Photolithography for IC fabrication, about masks and etching.
- Parallel and serial communications and USB standards and GPIB.
- Different modulation techniques.
- Skills to be learned
- Acquire knowledge and skills to understand the of the following devices and instruments and practical knowledge to use them by doing experiments in laboratory.
- UJT
- BJT
- MOSFET
- CCD
- Tunnel Diodes
- Various types of Power Supplies
- Various types of Filters
- Multivibrators
- Oscillators
- Acquire knowledge and skills to understand the of the following devices and instruments and practical knowledge to use them by doing experiments in laboratory.
DSE-IV: ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-I
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student is expected to master the following:
- Learn the basic properties of the linear vector space such as linear dependence and independence of vectors, change of basis, isomorphism and homomorphism, linear transformations and their representation by matrices.
- Learn the basic properties of matrices, different types of matrices viz., Hermitian, skew Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices and their correspondence to physical quantities, e.g, operators in quantum mechanics. They should also learn how to find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices.
- Learn some basic properties tensors, their symmetric and antisymmetric nature, the Cartesian tensors, the general tensors, contravariant, covariant and mixed tensors and their transformation properties under coordinate transformations, physical examples of tensors such as moment of inertia tensor, energy momentum tensor, stress tensor, strain tensor etc.
- In the laboratory course, the students are expected to solve the following problems using the Scilab/C++ computer language:
- Multiplication of two 3×3 matrices,
- Diagonalization of a matrix,
- Inverse of a matrix,
- Solutions of differential equations satisfied by different orthogonal polynomials and special function,
- Determination of wave functions for stationary states as eigenfunctions of Hermitian differential operators and also the energy eigenvalues,
- Broad contents of the course:
- Linear Vector Spaces
- Matrices
- Cartesian Tensors
- General Tensors
- Skills to be learned
- In this course, the students should the learn the skills of doing calculations with the linear vector space, matrices, their eigenvalues and eigenvectors, tensors, real and complex fields, linear and multilinear transformations in various physical situations, e.g., the Lorentz transformations etc.
- They also become efficient in doing calculations with the ‘calculus of variation’.
- In the laboratory course, the students should acquire the skills of applying the the C++/ SCILAB/MATLAB/MATHEMATICA software in solving standard physical problems
DSE-V: ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-II
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student is expected to:
- Understand variational principle and apply it to calculate:
- Geodesics in two and three dimensions
- Euler Lagrange Equation and apply it simple problems in one and two dimensions.
- Acquire basic concept of Hamiltonian, Hamilton’s principle and Hamiltonian equation of motion, Poisson and Lagrange brackets.
- Learn elementary group theory, i.e., definition and properties of groups, subgroups, Homomorphism, isomorphism, normal and conjugate groups, representation of groups, Reducible and Irreducible groups. Examples and exercises.
- Learn the theory of probability, Random varialbles and probability distributions, Expectation values and variance. Various examples of probability distributions used in physics. The principle of least squares.
- Understand variational principle and apply it to calculate:
- Broad contents of the course:
- Calculus of variationsand application to physical problems.
- Lagrangian and Hamiltonian equations of motion. Canonical variables. Legendre transformation, Poisson and Lagrange brackets and their properties.
- Elements of Group Theory.
- Theory of Probability and Probability Distributions.
- Skills to be learned
- Ability to learn variational principle and do simple application to calculate geodesics in one, two and three dimensions.
- Ability to derive Euler equations of motion and apply it to simple pendulum and harmonic oscillator.
- Learn basics of group theory
- Learn the basics of the theory of probability and ability to calculate probability in simple problems.
- Derive various probability distributions and their application to different types of physical problems.
- Learn the principle of least squares and apply it tosome cases of analyzing physical experiments
DSE-VI: CLASSICAL DYNAMICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-05, Tutorials-01)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student will:
- Revise the knowledge of the Newtonian, the Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian formulations of classical mechanics and their applications in appropriate physical problems.
- Learn about the small oscillation problems.
- Recapitulate and learn the special theory of relativity- postulates of the special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations on space-time and other four vectors, four-vector notations, space-time invariant length, length contraction, time dilation, mass-energy relation, Doppler effect, light cone and its significance, problems involving energy- momentum conservations.
- Learn the basics of fluid dynamics, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds’s number, coefficient of viscosity and Poiseuille’s equation.
- Review the retarded potentials, potentials due to a moving charge, Lienard Wiechert potentials, electric and magnetic fields due to a moving charge, power radiated, Larmor’s formula and its relativistic generalization
- Broad contents of the course:
- Classical mechanics of point particles.
- Lagrangian and Hamiltonians of simple systems and derivations of equation of motion.
- Small amplitude oscillations
- Special theory of relativity
- Relativistic kinematics of one and two particle system.
- Basics of fluid dynamics
- Skills to be learned
- Learn to define generalised coordinates, generalised velocities, generalised force and write Lagrangian for mechanical system in terms of generalised coordinates.
- Learn to derive Euler-Lagrange equation of motion and solve them for simple mechanical systems.
- Learn to write Hamiltonian for mechanical systems and derive and solve Hamilton’s equation of motion for simple mechanical systems.
- Formulate the problem of small amplitude oscillation and solve them to obtain normal modes of oscillation and their frequencies in simple mechanical systems.
- Develop the basic concepts of special theory of relativity and its applications to dynamical systems of particles.
- Develop the methods of relativistic kinematics of one and two particle system and its application to two particle decay and scattering.
- Develop and understand the basic concepts of fluid dynamics and its applications to simple problems in liquid flow
DSE-VII: APPLIED DYNAMICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course, the student will:
- Understand the idea of dynamical systems, phase space and trajectories in phase space. Simple examples from mechanical systems.
- Comprehend illustrated examples of dynamical systems from other disciplines like chemistry, biology and economics and apply to do the qualitative analysis of some simple examples.
- Learn to use software packages to generate and visualize various trajectories.
- Understand chaos and their sensitive dependence on initial conditions with examples from 2d- Billiards problem and other physical systems like electron motion in mesoscopic conductors etc. Understand fractals as self-similar structures by giving examples from Nature and develop mathematical models for simple fractal structures.
- Understand various forms of dynamics and different routes to chaos.
- Ability to define, characterize and detect various types of chaos and their dependence on initial condition using various order parameters.
- Understand basic Physics of fluids and its dynamics theoretically and experimentally and by computational simulations.
- Understand basic properties of fluids I.e. viscosity, thermal conductivity, mass diffusivity, equation of state.
- Understand the Physics of different types of fluid flow phenomena as well as fluid flow visualizations like streamlines, pathlines and streakline flows.
- The students should be able to do Simulation /Computer experiments/Lab experiments in the following topics:
- Determination of the coupling Coefficients of Coupled pendulums and other coupled Oscillators
- Determination of the couplings and damping coefficient of the Damped Coupled Oscillator
- Simulation of Simple Population Models, Experimental growth and Decay, Logistic growth, Species Competition, Predator-Prey Dynamics, Simple genetic circuits
- Solve rate equations numerically for some simple chemical reactions
- Simulation of Trajectories in some problems like Sinai Billiard, and Electron Motion in Mesoscopic conductors
- Simulation of Fractal Formation in Deterministic Fractals, Self Similar Fractals and Fractals in nature like Trees, Coastlines and Earthquakes
- Simulation of some Fluid Flow Models like Streamlines, Pathlines, and Streakline flows
- Broad contents of the course:
- Introduction to dynamical systems in various branches of physics
- Introduction to chaos and fractals with examples.
- Elements of fluid dynamics
- Skills to be learned
- Develop the concept of phase space to define and formulate the dynamical systems.
- Identify the dynamical systems in Biology, Chemistry, Economics and computing and visualizing trajectories using computer software.
- Learn computer software skills to do qualitative analysis of dynamical systems.
- Learn to generate computer simulation of trajectories in phase space for simple systems demonstrating chaotic systems.
- Learn to use fractal dimensions to describe self similar structures with help of examples.
- Learn to simulate onset of chaos in simple dynamical systems in various conditions.
- Formulate the basic equations of computational fluid dynamics using elementary theory of fluid dynamics.
- Learn to solve the basic equations to explain the basic properties of fluids like thermal conductivity, viscosity, mass diffusivity etc.
- Demonstrate some simple examples of fluid flow as described in the syllabi
DSE-VIII: COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: At the end of the course the student is expected to have an idea/concept of the following:
- Electromagnetic spectra and different frequency bands.
- Modulation, different types of modulation and about super heterodyne receivers.
- Concept of sampling, sampling theorem and multiplexing.
- Digital transmission, encoding and decoding.
- Satellite communication including uplinking and downlinking.
- Mobile communication/telephony and concepts of cell telephony.
- 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G (Quantitative).
- Apply the theory that they have learned in the theory class to gain hands on experience in building modulation and demodulation circuits; Transmitters and Receivers for AM and FM. Also to construct TDM, PAM, PWM, PPM and ASK, PSK and FSK modulator and verify their results
- Broad contents of the course:
- Electromagnetic spectra and different frequency bands.
- Modulation, different types of modulation and super heterodyne receivers.
- Sampling, sampling theorem and multiplexing.
- Digital transmission, encoding and decoding.
- Satellite communication
- Mobile communication/telephony and concepts of cell telephony.
- 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G (Quantitative)
- Skills to be learned
- Learn the skills to understand the basic concepts of communication.
- Learn the techniques of different types of modulation of electromagnetic signals like:
- Amplitude Modulation,
- Frequency Modulation
- Phase Modulation
- Analog Pulse Modulation
- Digital Pulse Modulation
- Learn basics of satellite communication.
- Learn concepts and application of mobile telephony system.
DSE-IX: NUCLEAR & PARTICLE PHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-05, Tutorials-01)
- Course learning outcome: At the end of the course the student is expected to:
- Learn the ground state properties of a nucleus – the constituents and their properties, mass number and atomic number, relation between the mass number and the radius and the mass number, average density, range of force, saturation property, stability curve, the concepts of packing fraction and binding energy, binding energy per nucleon vs. mass number graph, explanation of fusion and fission from the nature of the binding energy graph.
- Know about the nuclear models and their roles in explaining the ground state properties of the nucleus –(i) the liquid drop model, its justification so far as the nuclear properties are concerned, the semi-empirical mass formula, (ii) the shell model, evidence of shell structure, magic numbers, predictions of ground state spin and parity, theoretical deduction of the shell structure, consistency of the shell structure with the Pauli exclusion principles.
- Learn about the process of radioactivity, the radioactive decay law, the emission of alpha, beta and gamma rays, the properties of the constituents of these rays and the mechanisms of the emissions of these rays, outlines of Gamow’s theory of alpha decay and Pauli’s theory of beta decay with the neutrino hypothesis, the electron capture, the fine structure of alpha particle spectrum, the Geiger-Nuttall law, the radioactive series.
- Learn the basic aspects of nuclear reactions, the Q-value of such reaction and its derivation from conservation laws, The reaction cross-sections, the types of nuclear reactions, direct and compound nuclear reactions, Rutherford scattering by Coulomb potential.
- Learn some basic aspects of interaction of nuclear radiation with matter- interaction of gamma ray by photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and pair production, energy loss due to ionization, Cerenkov radiation.
- Learn about the detectors of nuclear radiations- the Geiger-Mueller counter, the scintillation counter, the photo-multiplier tube, the solid state and semiconductor detectors.
- The students are expected to learn about the principles and basic constructions of particle accelerators such as the Van-de-Graff generator, cyclotron, betatron and synchrotron. They should know about the accelerator facilities in India.
- Gain knowledge on the basic aspects of particle Physics – the fundamental interactions, elementary and composite particles, the classifications of particles: leptons, hadrons (baryons and mesons), quarks, gauge bosons. The students should know about the quantum numbers of particles: energy, linear momentum, angular momentum, isospin, electric charge, colour charge, strangeness, lepton numbers, baryon number and the conservation laws associated with them.
- Broad contents of the course:
- General properties of nuclei
- Nuclear models
- Radioactive decays
- Nuclear reactions
- Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter
- Detectors for nuclear interaction
- Particle accelerators
- Elementary particles and their properties
- Skills to be learned
- Skills to describe and explain the properties of nuclei and derive them from various models of nuclear structure.
- To understand, explain and derive the various theoretical formulation of nuclear disintegration like α decay, β decay and s decays.
- Develop basic understanding of nuclear reactions and decays with help of theoretical formulate and laboratory experiments.
- Skills to develop basic understanding of the interaction of various nuclear radiation with matter in low and high energy …….
- Ability to understand, construct and operate simple detector systems for nuclear radiation and training to work with various types of nuclear accelerators.
- Develop basic knowledge of elementary particles as fundamental constituent of matter, their properties, conservation laws during their interactions with matter
DSE-X: ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-05, Tutorials-01)
- Course learning outcome: At the end of the course the student is expected to:
- Ability to comprehend astronomical scales and understand basic concepts of positional astronomy like astronomical coordinate system and measurement of distances, time and temperature and radius of star.
- Understand basic parameters of stars like brightness, radiant flux, luminosity, magnitude, orbits, spectral classification. H-R diagram
- Understand astronomical techniques, various types of optical telescopes and telescope mountings. Various types of detectors and their use with telescopes.
- Understanding Physics of sun and solar system: photosphere, chromosphere, corona, solar activity. Solar MHD, helioseismology, solar system and its origin. Nebular model. Tidal forces and planetary rings.
- Understanding Physics of stars and sun. Role of gravitation in astroPhysics, Newton vs Einstein, viral theorem and thermodynamic equilibrium. Atomic spectra, stellar spectra. Spectral classification, luminosity classification, temperature dependence.
- Acquire basic knowledge of galaxies and Milky Way. Morphology and classification of galaxies, intrinsic stages of galaxies, galactic halo, milky way, gas and dust in galaxy, spiral arm, rotation of galaxy and dark matter. Star clusters in Milky Way, galactic nucleus and its properties.
- Learn about the large scale structure and expanding universe cosmic distance ladder, distance measurements, cluster of galaxies, Hubble’s law.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Astronomical scalar and concepts of positional astronomy.
- Astronomical techniques for making measurements.
- Basics of solar and stellar physics.
- Milky Way and Galaxies – introductory knowledge.
- Large scale structures and expending universe
- Skills to be learned
- Skills to learn and operate astronomical instruments to perform observations related to the positional astronomy measurement.
- Conceptualize skills to understand basic parameters for describing the properties of stars and making experimental measurements, their interpretation and role in understanding of astrophysical phenomenon. Study of solar and stellar spectra.
- Learn to describe solar parameters, solar atmosphere, origin of solar system, solar and extra-solar planets, planetary rings.
- Acquire basic knowledge of Milky Way and Galaxies, their properties and structure.
- Skills for understanding basics of large scale structures and expending universe
DSE-XI: ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: At the end of the course the student is expected to have:
- Good knowledge of Earth’s atmosphere, its composition, effective temperature, Greenhouse effect. Hydrostatic equation and atmospheric thermodynamics. Local winds, clouds, fog, monsoon, cyclones, sea breeze and land breeze and thunderstorms etc.
- Essential knowledge of the instruments of meteorological observation, meteorological processes and systems.
- Understanding atmospheric dynamics, fundamental forces, conservation laws, rotating coordinate system and equations of motion. Circulation, vorticity, various types of circulations, atmospheric oscillations: biannual, annual and semi-annual oscillations.
- Understanding atmospheric waves. Surface water waves, accoustic waves, buoyancy waves, atmospheric gravity waves (AGW) and its propagation in non-homogeneous medium, Lamb and Rossy waves and their propagation in 3-dimension. Wave absorption and non linear effects.
- Skills to use atmospheric Radar and Lidar to study atmospheric phenomenon, basic knowledge of Radars and Lidars including Radar equation and signal processing. Develop numerical skills to do data analysis from Radar and Lidar.
- Knowledge of the classification and properties of aerosols, their concentrations and size distribution. Production and removal of aerosols. Radiative and health effects and observation techniques for aerosols.
- Understanding the absorption and scattering of solar radiation, Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering, Boyer-Lambert law, optical phenomenon in atmosphere. Basics of radiometry.
- Through computer simulations in the laboratory course student will learn
- Atmospheric wave using Dispersion relations
- Kelvin waves, Rossby waves and Mountain waves
- Offline and if possible online processing of RADAR data
- VHF RADAR
- X-band RADAR
- UHF RADAR
- Offline and Online processing of LIDAR data
- Study of Radiosonde data and its interpretation in terms of the atmospheric parameters
- Interpretation of the satellite data using radio Occultation technique
- Time Series Analysis of Temperature using long term data and implications for climate change
- Take up 2-3 projects in collaboration with nearest center of IMD , if available, for simple analysis and interpretation of local atmospheric data.
- Broad contents of the course:
- General features of Earth’s atmosphere.
- Atmospheric dynamics
- Atmospheric waves
- Atmospheric Radar and Lidar
- Atmospheric Aerosols
- Skills to be learned
- Develop skills to describe, understand and make measurements of various parameters to describe the physics of earth’s atmosphere.
- Learn skills to formulate, solve the theoretical equations describing the atmospheric dynamics and develop software to simulate and demonstrate in laboratory the various atmospheric phenomenon like.
- Atmospheric oscillations of various types.
- Atmospheric waves of various types.
- Learn the physics and equations for signal processing with help of:
- Radar
- Lidar and performing data analysis to understand atmospheric phenomenon.
- Learn to make various types of theoretical and experimental analyses to explore the atmospheric aerosols and the effect of solar and cosmic radiation on aerosols.
- Develop a theoretical and experimental understanding of the absorption and scattering of solar radiation with matter.
DSE-XII: NANO MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: At the end of the course the student is expected to posses concepts on following:
- In the Nano systems and its implications in modifying the properties of materials at the nanoscale.
- Concept of Quantum confinement, 3D,2D,1D and 0D nanostructure with examples.
- Different synthesis techniques including top down and bottom up approaches.
- Characterization of nanostructured materials using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.
- Optical properties of nanostructured materials, modification of band gap, excitonic confinement.
- Applications of nanostructured materials in making devices namely MEMS, NEMS and other heterostructures for solar cell and LEDs.
- The student will synthesize nanoparticles by different chemical routs and characterize them in the laboratory using the different techniques he has learnt in the theory. He will also carry out thin film preparation and prepare capacitors and evaluate its performance. He also expected to fabricate a PN diode and study its I-V characteristics.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Nanoscale Systems
- Synthesis of Nanostructure Materials
- Characterization
- Optical Properties
- Electron Transport
- Application
- Skills to be learned
- Develop basic understanding of nanostructured materials.
- Learn the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured materials.
- Understanding the optical properties of nanostructured materials and electron transport phenomenon.
- Lean to understand the functioning of various analytical techniques using:
- X-ray Diffraction
- Atomic Force Microscopy
- Scanning Electron Microscopy
- Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
- Transmission Electron Microscopy
- Application of nanoparticles in various fields like:
- LED
- Solar Cells
- Single Electron Transform Devices
- Magnetic Data Storage
- Micro-electrochemical Systems (MEMS)
- Nano- electrochemical Systems (NEMS)
DSE-XIII: PHYSICS OF EARTH
(Credits: 06, Theory-05, Tutorials-01)
- Course learning outcome: This course will provide an exporsure to the student in:
- In the origin of Universe, place of Earth as a third rock revolving around Sun, its satellite Moon and in general evolution of present day Universe.
- overview of the structure and evolution of the Earth as a dynamic planet within our solar system
- Application of physical principles of elasticity and elastic wave propagation to understand modern global seismology as a probe of the Earth’s internal structure. The origin of magnetic field, Geodynamics of earthquakes and the description of seismic sources; a simple but fundamental theory of thermal convection; the distinctive rheological behaviour of the upper mantle and its top layer shall be understood.
- Climate and various roles played by water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycles in maintain steady state of earth shall be explored.
- This will enable the student to understand the contemporary dilemmas (climate change, bio diversity loss, population growth, etc.) disturbing the Earth
- In the tutorial section, through literature survey on the various aspects of health of Earth, project work / seminar presentation, he she will be to appreciate need to ‘save’ Earth
- Broad contents of the course:
- The Earth and the Universe
- Structure
- Dynamical Processes
- Evolution
- Disturbing the Earth – Contemporary dilemma
- Skills to be learned
- Knowledge of the place of Earth in this Universe and its formation, structure and its evolution shall enable the student to appreciate the reasons for keeping Earth ‘SAFE’
DSE-XIIV: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: At the end of this course the student is expected to have an idea/concept on the following:
- Fundamental classification of signals and systems based on the parameters which define them.
- Concept of Discrete-Time Fourier Transform and Z-transform on signals and its properties.
- Concept of Discrete Fourier Transform, different convolution techniques, filters and their classifications.
- Fluency in using Fast Fourier Transform.
- Understanding of Digital Filters and their classifications based on the response, design and algorithm.
- Signal generation, realization of systems and finding their transfer function, characterization using pole-zero plots and designing digital filters using Scilab simulations
- Broad contents of the course:
- Signals and systems based on the parameters
- Discrete-Time Fourier Transform and Z-transform on signals
- Convolution techniques, filters and their classifications.
- Fast Fourier Transforms.
- Digital Filters and their classifications based on the response, design and algorithm
- Skills to be learned
- Acquire basic understanding of Discrete-Time signals and systems.
- Learn the techniques of various types of fourier transforms in signal processing, i.e.
- Discrete-Time Fourier Transforms
- Discrete Fourier Transforms
- Fast Fourier Transforms
- Learn various aspects of digital filters like:
- Various types of Digital Filters
- Realization of Digital Filters
- Finite Impulse Response Digital Filters
- Infinite Impulse Response Digital Filters
DSE-XV: MEDICAL PHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: This course will enable the student to:
- Focus on the application of Physics to clinical medicine.
- Gain a broad and fundamental understanding of Physics while developing particular expertise in medical applications.
- Learn about the human body, its anatomy, physiology and bioPhysics, exploring its performance as a physical machine. Other topics include the Physics of the senses.
- He / She will study diagnostic and therapeutic applications like the ECG, radiation Physics, X-ray technology, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.
- Gain knowledge with reference to working of various diagnostic tools , medical imaging techniques, how ionizing radiation interacts with matter, how it affects living organisms and how it is used as a therapeutic technique and radiation safety practices
- Imparts functional knowledge regarding need for radiological protection and the sources of an approximate level of radiation exposure for treatment purposes.
- In the laboratory course, the student will be exposed to the workings of various medical devices. He / she gets familiarized with various detectors used in medical imaging, medical diagnostics. The hands-on experience will be very useful for the students when he / she enter the job market
- Broad contents of the course:
- Physics of the Body-I
- Physics of the Body –II
- Physics of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems-I
- Radiation Physics
- Medical Imaging Physics
- Radiation Oncology Physics
- Radiation and Radiation Protection
- Physics of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems-II
- Skills to be learned
- Essential physics of Medical Imaging, Radiological Physics, Therapeutic Systems and Radiation Therapy is acquired.
DSE-XVI: BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-05, Tutorials-01)
- Course learning outcome: This course will enable the student to:
- Acquire mastery of the fundamental principles and applications of various branches of Physics in understanding biological systems.
- Nuggets of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, electricity and magnetism, will help in understating heat transfer in biomaterials.
- Relevance of chemistry principles and thermodynamics in understanding energy transfer mechanism and protein folding in biological systems.
- He /she will acquire necessary mathematical skills in differential equations, analysis, and linear algebra for simulation studies.
- A basic course in bioPhysics will provide proficiency in basic lab skills, including understanding and using modern instrumentation and computers.
- Get exposure to complexity of life at i) the level of Cell, ii) level of multi cellular organism and iii) at macroscopic system – ecosystem and biosphere
- Student gets exposure to models of evolution
- Broad contents of the course:
- Overview
- Molecules of Life
- The complexity of Life
- Evolution
- Skills to be learned
- Basic concepts about biological physics and evolution are learned.
Skill-based Elective Courses (SEC)
SEC-I: PHYSICS WORKSHOP SKILLS
(Credits: 02)
- Course learning outcome: After the successful completion of the course the student is expected to acquire skills/ hands on experience / working knowledge on:
- various machine tools, lathes, shapers, drilling machines, cutting tools, welding sets and also in different gear systems, pulleys etc.
- He /she will also acquire skills in the usage of multimeters, soldering iron, oscilloscopes, power supplies and relays
- Broad contents of the course:
- Introduction to make simple length, height, time, area, volume measurements.
- Mechanical skills needed to the workshop practice.
- Electrical and electronics skills related to the measurement of various electrical and electronics quantities.
- Introduction to Prime Movers.
- Skills to be learned
- Learn to use mechanical tools to make simple measurement of length, height, time, area and volume.
- Obtain hand on experience of workshop practice by doing casting, foundry, machining, welding and learn to use various machine tool like lathe shaper, milling and drilling machines etc. and working with wooden and metal blocks.
- Learn to use various instruments for making electrical and electronics measurements using multimeter, oscilloscopes, power supply, electronic switches and relays.
SEC-II: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(Credits: 02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through the course the student will:
- Learn the importance of computers in solving problems in Physics.
- Learn how to plan for writing the algorithm for solving a problem by drawing the flowchart of simple problems like roots of quadratic equations etc.
- Have a working knowledge about the Linux system, for example, the necessary commands.
- Learn, write and run FORTRAN programs in the Linux system. In particular, they should attempt the following exercises:
- Exercises on syntax on usage of FORTRAN.
- Usage of GUI windows, Linux commands, familiarity with DOS commands and working in an editor to write sources codes in FORTRAN.
- To print out all natural even/ odd numbers between given limits.
- To find maximum, minimum and range of a given set of numbers.
- The students should also learn “Scientific Word Processing”, particularly, how to use the LaTeX software in writing articles and papers which include mathematical equations and diagrams. Similarly, students should learn the basics of Gnuplot.
- To have hands-on experience on computational tools, students are expected to do the following exercises:
- to compile a frequency distribution and evaluate mean, standard deviation etc,
- to evaluate sum of finite series and the area under a curve,
- to find the product of two matrices
- to find a set of prime numbers and Fibonacci series
- to write program to open a file and generate data for plotting using Gnuplot,
- plotting trajectory of a projectile projected horizontally,
- plotting trajectory of a projectile projected making an angle with the horizontal direction,
- creating an input Gnuplot file for plotting a data and saving the output for seeing on the screen, saving it as an eps file and as a pdf file,
- to find the roots of a quadratic equation,
- numerical solution of equation of motion of simple harmonic oscillator and plot the outputs for visualization,
- Simulate the motion of a particle in a central force field and plot the output for visualization.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Introduction
- Scientific Programming
- Control Statements
- Scientific word processing: Introduction to LATEX
- Visualization
- Skills to be learned
- The students should learn the skills for writing a flow chart and then writing the corresponding program for a specific problem using the C/ C++/FORTRAN language.
- The student should also acquire the proficiency in effectively using the GUI Windows, the LINUX operating system and also in using the LaTeX software for wring a text file
SEC-III: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND NETWORK SKILLS
(Credits: 02)
- Course learning outcome: After the completion of the course the student will acquire necessary skills/ hands on experience /working knowledge on:
- Multimeters
- Voltmeters
- Ammeters
- Electric circuit elements
- DC power sources
- AC/DC generators
- Inductors
- Capacitors
- Transformers
- Single Phase and Three Phase motors
- Interfacing AC/DC motors to control and measure
- Relays, and
- Basics of electrical wiring.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Basic principles of electricity, electrical circuits and electrical drawings.
- Physics of generators, transformers, electric motors.
- Solid state devices and their uses.
- Electrical wiring and measures for electrical protection
- Skills to be learned
- Skills to understand various types of DC and AC circuits and making electrical drawings with symbols for various systems.
- Skills to understand and operate generators, transformers and electric motors.
- Develop knowledge of solid state devices and their uses.
- Skills to do electrical wiring with assured electrical protection devices
SEC-IV: BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILLS
(Credits: 02)
- Course learning outcome: After the successful completion of the course the student is expected to have the necessary working knowledge on:
- Accuracy, precision, resolution, range and errors/uncertainty in measurements
- He/she will acquire hands on skills in the usage of:
- Oscilloscopes
- Multimeters
- Multivibrators
- Rectifiers
- Amplifiers
- Oscillators and,
- High-Voltage Probes
- He also would have gained knowledge on the working and operations of LCR Bridge, generators, digital meters and counters.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Basics of measurement
- Electronic voltmeters/multimeters
- Cathode ray oscilloscope
- Impedance Bridges and Q meters.
- Digital instruments, Digital multimeter
- Skills to be learned
- Develop skills to use basic electrical instruments like multimeter, electronic voltmeter, cathode ray, and oscilloscope
- Acquire efficiency in making signal generators and analysis of obtained signals.
- Learn to understand and use various types of digital instruments.
- Develop knowledge of making measurements with Impedance Bridges and Q Meters.
SEC-V: RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY HARVESTING
(Credits: 02)
- Course learning outcome: The students are expected to learn not only the theories of the renewable sources of energy, but also to have hands-on experiences on them wherever possible. Some of the renewable sources of energy which should be studied here are:
- Off-Shore wind energy
- Tidal energy
- Solar energy
- Biogas energy and,
- Hydroelectricity.
- Learn about piezoelectricity, carbon- captured technologies like cells, batteries.
- The students should observe practical demonstrations of:
- Training modules of solar energy, wind energy etc.
- Conversion of vibration into voltage using piezoelectric materials
- Conversion of thermal energy into voltage using thermoelectric modules.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Fossil fuels and Alternate Sources of Energy
- Solar energy
- Wind Energy harvesting
- Ocean Energy
- Geothermal Energy
- Hydro Energy
- Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
- Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting
- Skills to be learned
- In this course student will study non –conventional energy sources and their practical applications
SEC-VI: TECHNICAL DRAWINGS
(Credits: 02)
- Course learning outcome: This course learning will enable the student to be proficient in:
- Understanding the concept of a sectional view, what is meant by a cutting plane, how to draw, and learn proper technique for drawing an aligned sections
- With above understanding, he will be exposed to n the use of spatial visualization by constructing an orthographic multi view drawing
- He / she will be expert in drawing simple curves like ellipse, cycloid and spiral, Orthographic projections of points, lines and of solids like cylinders, cones, prisms and pyramids etc.
- Exposure to Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Auto CAD techniques will make the student technologically savvy
- Broad contents of the course:
- Introduction
- Projection
- Object Projection
- CAD Drawing
- Skills to be learned
- Basic understanding of how to read technical maps/draws. stereographic, 2D, 3D projections shall be acquired.
SEC-VII: RADIATION SAFETY
(Credits: 02)
- Course learning outcome:
- Be aware and understand the hazards of radiation and the safety measures to guard against these hazards.
- Revise or learn the basic aspects of the atomic and nuclear Physics, specially the radiations that originate from the atom and the nucleus.
- Have a comprehensive knowledge about the nature of interaction of matter with radiations like gamma, beta, alpha rays, neutrons etc. and radiation shielding by appropriate materials.
- Know about the units of radiations and their safety limits, the devises to detect and measure radiation, such as the Geiger-Mueller counter and scintillation counter.
- The students are expected to learn radiation safety management, biological effects of ionizing radiation, operational limits and basics of radiation hazards evaluation and control, radiation protection standards, ‘International Commission on Radiological Protection’ (ICRP) its principles, justification, optimization, limitation, introduction of safety and risk management of radiation. nuclear waste and disposal management, brief idea about ‘Accelerator driven Sub-critical System’ (ADS) for waste management.
- Learn about the devices which apply radiations in medical sciences, such as MRI, PET.
- The students are expected to do the following experiments: (i) Study the background radiation levels using Radiation meter ,
- (ii) Characteristics of Geiger Muller (GM) Counter, getting the plateau curve and the operating voltage and the statistical distribution of beta or gamma ray emitted from a radioactive source,
- Determination of gamma ray linear and mass absorption coefficient of a given material, and drawing the mass absorption coefficient vs. energy curve for a given material with a number of gamma ray sources, (v)study of beta ray energy spectrum for a given source
- Broad contents of the course:
- Basic of Atomic and Nuclear Physics
- Interaction of Radiation with matter: Types of Radiation
- Radiation detection and monitoring devices: Radiation Quantities and Units
- Radiation safety management
- Application of nuclear techniques
- Skills to be learned
- General concepts of nuclei, nuclear forces and atomic physics are studied.
- Basic knowledge about nuclear radiation types and radiation detectors.
SEC-VIII: APPLIED OPTICS
(Credits: 02)
- Course learning outcome: This course will enable students to get:
- Familiar with optical phenomena and technology.
- Qualitative understanding of basic lasing mechanism, types of Lasers, characteristics of Laser Light, types of Lasers, and its applications in developing LED, Holography.
- The idea of propagation of electromagnetic wave in a nonlinear media – Fibre optics as an example will enable the student to practice thinking in a logical process, which is essential in science.
- Experiments in this course will allow the students to discuss in peer groups to develop their cooperative skills and reinforce their understanding of concepts.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Sources and Detectors
- Fourier Optics
- Holography
- Photonics: Fibre Optic
- Skills to be learned
- This course will help in understanding about the lasers and detectors, Holography, Optical fibre and their applications.
SEC-IX: WEATHER FORECASTING
(Credits: 02)
- Course learning outcome: This course will enable students to:
- Acquire basic knowledge of the elements of the atmosphere, its composition at various heights, variation of pressure and temperature with height.
- To learn basic techniques to measure temperature and its relation with cyclones and anti-cyclones.
- Knowledge of simple techniques to measure wind speed and its directions, humidity and rainfall. Absorption, emission and scattering of radiations in atmosphere. Radiation laws.
- Knowledge of global wind systems, jet streams, local thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, tornadoes and hurricanes.
- Knowledge of climate and its classification. Understanding various causes of climate change like global warming, air pollution, aerosols, ozone depletion, acid rain.
- Develop skills needed for weather forecasting, mathematical simulations, weather forecasting methods, types of weather forecasting, role of satellite observations in weather forecasting, weather maps etc. Uncertainties in predicting weather based on statistical analysis.
- In the laboratory course, students should be able to learn:
- Principle of the working of a weather Station, Study of Synoptic charts and weather reports.
- Processing and analysis of weather data.
- Exercises in reading of Pressure charts, Surface charts, Wind charts and their analysis.
- Develop ability to do weather forecasts using input data.
- Assign Group Activity to observe and examine:
- Sunniest and driest day of the week
- Keep record of daily Temp, Pressure, rainfall and wind velocity
- Prepare regular reports of the above observations and circulate it through the local media for the benefit of local community.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Introduction to atmosphere
- Measuring the weather
- Weather systems
- Climate and climate change
- Basics of weather forecastin
- Skills to be learned
- Learn the physical parameters to describe the basic structure of atmosphere and make their measurements.
- Understand the weather system and learn to measure the parameter describing the weather and its changes.
- Learn basic ideas about climate and physical factors affecting climate change.
- Learn basic physics of weather forecasting.
6.4.3.Generic Elective Courses (GEC) for Minor Physics Course in the B.Sc.(Hons.)for other mains and Core Courses (CC) and Discipline Specific Elective Courses (DSEC) for B.Sc. (General) Courses with PCM, PMC and PEM combinations
CC-I & GEC-I: MECHANICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through this course, the students will be able to:
- Understand the role of vectors and coordinate systems in Physics.
- Write the expression for the moment of inertia about the given axis of symmetry for different uniform mass distributions.
- Explain the conservation of energy, momentum, angular momentum and apply them to basic problems.
- Understand the analogy between translational and rotational dynamics, and application of both motions simultaneously in analyzing rolling with slipping.
- Apply Kepler’s law to describe the motion of planets and satellite in circular orbit.
- Explain the phenomena of simple harmonic motion and the properties of systems executing such motions.
- Describe how fictitious forces arise in a non-inertial frame, e.g., why a person sitting in a merry-go-round experiences an outward pull.
- Describe special relativistic effects and their effects on the mass and energy of a moving object.
- In the laboratory course, after acquiring knowledge of how to handle measuring instruments (like screw gauge, vernier callipers, Travelling microscope) student shall embark on verifying various principles learnt in theory. Measuring ‘g’ using Bar Pendulum, Kater pendulum and measuring elastic constants of materials, viscous properties of liquids etc.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Vectors
- Ordinary Differential Equations
- Laws of Motion
- Momentum and Energy
- Rotational Motion
- Gravitation
- Oscillations
- Elasticity
- Special Theory of Relativity
- Skills to be learned
- Learn basic mathematics like vectors and ordinary different equation and to understand linear and rotational motion.
- Learn basics of Newtonian gravitation theory and central force problem.
- Learn basic ideas about mechanical oscillators.
- Learn elasticity and elastic constants of material and perform experiments to study them.
- Acquire basic knowledge of special theory of relativity.
CC-II &GEC-II: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through this course, the students will be able to:
- Demonstrate Coulomb’s law for the electric field, and apply it to systems of point charges as well as line, surface, and volume distributions of charges.
- Explain and differentiate the vector (electric fields, Coulomb’s law) and scalar (electric potential, electric potential energy) formalisms of electrostatics.
- Apply Gauss’s law of electrostatics to solve a variety of problems.
- Articulate knowledge of electric current, resistance and capacitance in terms of electric field and electric potential.
- Demonstrate a working understanding of capacitors.
- Describe the magnetic field produced by magnetic dipoles and electric currents.
- Explain Faraday-Lenz and Maxwell laws to articulate the relationship between electric and magnetic fields.
- Describe how magnetism is produced and list examples where its effects are observed.
- Apply Kirchhoff’s rules to analyze AC circuits consisting of parallel and/or series combinations of voltage sources and resistors and to describe the graphical relationship of resistance, capacitor and inductor.
- Apply various network theorems such as Superposition Theorem, Thevenin Theorem, Norton Theorem, Reciprocity Theorem, Maximum Power Transfer, etc. and their applications in electronics, electrical circuit analysis, and electrical machines.
- In the laboratory course the student will get an opportunity to verify all the above mentioned theorems elaborated above, using simple electric circuits.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Vector Analysis
- Electrostatistics
- Magnetism
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Maxwell’s Equation and EM Wave propagation.
- Skills to be learned
- This course will help in understanding basic concepts of electricity and magnetism and their applications.
- Basic course in electrostatics will equips the student with required prerequisites to understand electrodynamics phenomena.
CC-III& GEC-III: THERMAL PHYSICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After going through this course, the students will:
- Learn the basic concepts of thermodynamics, the first and the second law of thermodynamics, the concept of entropy and the associated theorems, the thermodynamic potentials and their physical interpretations. They are also expected to learn Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations.
- Know thefundamentals of the kinetic theory of gases, Maxwell-Boltzman distribution law, equipartition of energies, mean free path of molecular collisions, viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusion and Brownian motion.
- Have a knowledge of the real gas equations, Van der Waal equation of state, the Joule- Thompson effect.
- Learn about the black body radiations, Stefan- Boltzmann’s law, Rayleigh-Jean’s law and Planck’s law and their significances.
- Learn the quantum statistical distributions, viz., the Bose-Einstein statistics and the Fermi-Dirac statistics.
- In the laboratory, the students are expected to perform the following experiments:
- Measurement of Planck’s constant using black body radiation
- To determine Stefan’s Constant,
- To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee and Charlton’s disc method,
- To determine the temperature co-efficient of resistance by Platinum resistance thermometer,
- To study the variation of thermo emf across two junctions of a thermocouple with temperature,
- To determine the coefficient of linear expansion by optical lever method.
- To determine the pressure coefficient of air by constant volume method,
- To determine the coefficient of linear expansion by travelling microscope,
- To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Searle’s method.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Laws of Thermodynamics
- Thermodynamic Potentials
- Kinetic Theory of Gases
- Theory of Radiation
- Introduction to Statistical Mechanic
- Skills to be learned
- In this course the students should skilled in doing calculations in thermodynamics and in statistical mechanics.
- They should also be proficient in doing calculations with the kinetic theory of ideal and real gases.
- In the laboratory course, the students should acquire the skills of doing basic experiments in thermal physics with the right theoretical explanations of results there from
CC-IV & GEC-IV: WAVES AND OPTICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: This course will enable the student to:
- Recognize and use a mathematical oscillator equation and wave equation, and derive these equations for certain systems.
- Apply basic knowledge of principles and theories about the behavior of light and the physical environment to conduct experiments.
- Understand the principle of superposition of waves, so thus describe the formation of standing waves.
- Explain several phenomena we can observe in everyday life that can be explained as wave phenomena.
- Use the principles of wave motion and superposition to explain the Physics of polarisation, interference and diffraction.
- Understand the working of selected optical instruments like biprism, interferometer, diffraction grating, and holograms.
- In the laboratory course, student will gain hands-on experience of using various optical instruments and making finer measurements of wavelength of light using Newton Rings experiment, Fresnel Biprism etc. Resolving power of optical equipment can be learnt first hand.
- The motion of coupled oscillators, study of Lissajous figures and behavior of transverse, longitudinal waves can be learnt in this laboratory course
- Broad contents of the course:
- Superposition of Two Collinear Harmonic Oscillations
- Superposition of Two Perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations
- Waves Motion – General
- Velocity of Wave
- Superposition of Two Harmonics Waves
- Wave Optics
- Interference
- Michelson’s Interferometer
- Diffraction
- Fraunhofer Diffraction
- Fresnel Diffraction
- Polarization
- Skills to be learned
- This course in basics of optics will enable the student to understand various optical phenomena, principles, workings and applications optical instruments
- He / she shall develop an understanding of Waves Motion and its properties.
GEC-V & DSEC-I: DIGITAL, ANALOG AND INSTRUMENTATION
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After the successful completion of the course the student is expected to master the following:
- Difference between analog and digital circuits, Number systems, their interconversions, Basic logic gates and combinational circuits to construct half adders, full adders, subtractors, 4 bit binary Adder -Subtractor and synthesis of circuits using Boolean algebra.
- Working of P and N type semiconductors, P-N junctions, Forward and Reverse biased junctions, LEDs, photodiode and solar cells, p-n-p,n-p-n transistors, different characteristics of CB,CE and CC configurations, load line, gain and biasing for CE amplifiers and classification of amplifiers.
- Operational amplifiers and its characterization, circuits using Op-Amp for making Summing and subtracting circuits, differentiators and integrators
- Criterion for Oscillations, Oscillators and evaluation of frequency of oscillators.
- Oscilloscope (CRO) and applications and usage of oscilloscopes for measuring voltages, currents and study of waveforms, Different rectifiers and voltage regulation using capacitors, Zener diode, Timing IC 555 and to use IC 555 to construct Monostable and Astable multivibrators.
- At the successful completion of the laboratory course the student is expected to acquire hands on skills/ knowledge on the following:
- Measurement of voltage and frequency of a periodic waveform using CRO, construct all logic gates using NAND as a building block, synthesize digital circuits and simplify them using Boolean algebra, construct adders/subtractors and binary adders and Adder-Subtractors
- Design monostable/astable multivibrators using IC555, I-V characterization of PN, Zener diodes, design and build CE amplifiers, build Weinbridge oscillators and construct amplifying circuits using IC 741.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Signals and systems based on the parameters
- Discrete-Time Fourier Transform and Z-transform on signals
- Convolution techniques, filters and their classifications.
- Fast Fourier Transforms.
- Digital Filters and their classifications based on the response, design and algorithm.
- Skills to be learned
- Understand the digital and analyse circuits and difference between them. Various logic GATES and their realization using diodes and transistors.
- Conceptualization of Bolear Algebra and its use in constructing logic circuits by various methods and their applications.
- Learn the physics of semiconductor devices. Different types of semiconductors, their use in making transistors and amplifiers and study their characteristics.
- Learn different types of operational amplifiers and oscillators and use them in laboratory experiments to explain their functioning.
- Learn to understand and use various instruments like:
- CRO
- Power Supply
- Half wave and full wave rectifiers
- Zener diodes and their applications
- Multivibrators
GEC-VII & DSEC-III: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: After the successful completion of the course the student will:
- Have revised the knowledge of calculus, vectors, vector calculus. These basic mathematical structures are essential in solving problems in various branches of Physics as well as in engineering.
- Learn the Fourier analysis of periodic functions and their applications in physical problems such as vibrating strings etc.
- Learn about the special functions, such as the Hermite polynomial, the Legendre polynomial, the Laguerre polynomial and Bessel functions and their differential equations and their applications in various physical problems such as in quantum mechanics which they will learn in future courses in detail.
- Learn the beta, gamma and the error functions and their applications in doing integrations.
- Know about the basic theory of errors, their analysis, and estimation with examples of simple experiments in Physics.
- Acquire knowledge of methods to solve partial differential equations with the examples of important partial differential equations in Physics.
- Learn about the complex numbers and their properties, functions of complex numbers and their properties such as analyticity, poles and residues. The students are expected to learn the residue theorem and its applications in evaluating definite integrals.
- In the laboratory course, learn the fundamentals of the C and C++ programming languages and their applications in solving simple physical problems involving interpolations, differentiations, integrations, differential equations as well as finding the roots of equations.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Fourier Series
- Special Functions.
- Special Integrals
- Partial Differential Equation
- Complex Analysis
- Skills to be learned
- In this course, the students should acquire proficiency in doing calculations with vectors, beta, gamma and error functions, partial differential equations in rectangular, spherical and cylindrical coordinators, Fourier analysis of periodic functions, special functions, polynomials and their differential equations.
- Ability to learn mathematic of complex variables and solve simple problems with relative functions, complex integrals and their applications to physical problems.
- The students should also acquire the skills in writing programs in the C,C++ languages and doing calculations of physical interests with these languages.
- The students should also become proficient in computing integrations and in solving differential equations by various methods
GEC-VIII & DSEC-IV: SOLID STATE PHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: At the end of the course the student is expected to learn and assimilate the following:
- A brief idea about crystalline and amorphous substances, about lattice, unit cell, miller indices, reciprocal lattice, concept of Brillouin zones and diffraction of X-rays by crystalline materials.
- Knowledge of lattice vibrations, phonons and in depth of knowledge of Einstein and Debye theory of specific heat of solids.
- At knowledge of different types of magnetism from diamagnetism to ferromagnetism and hysteresis loops and energy loss.
- Secured an understanding about the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of materials.
- Understanding above the band theory of solids and must be able to differentiate insulators, conductors and semiconductors.
- Understand the basic idea about superconductors and their classifications.
- To carry out experiments based on the theory that they have learned to measure the magnetic susceptibility, dielectric constant, trace hysteresis loop. They will also employ to four probe methods to measure electrical conductivity and the hall set up to determine the hall coefficient of a semiconductor.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Crystalline and amorphous substances, lattice, unit cell, miller indices, reciprocal lattice. Brillouin zones and diffraction of X-rays by crystalline materials.
- Lattice vibrations and phonons
- Different types of magnetism
- Dielectric and ferroelectric materials.
- Band theory of solids
- Insulators, conductors and semiconductors.
- Superconductors and their classification
- Skills to be learned
- Learn basics of crystal structure and physics of lattice dynamics
- Learn the physics of different types of material like magnetic materials, dielectric materials, metals and their properties.
- Understand the physics of insulators, semiconductor and conductors with special emphasis on the elementary band theory of semiconductors.
- Comprehend the basic theory of superconductors. Type I and II superconductors, their properties and physical concept of BCS theory.
GEC-IX & DSEC-V: QUANTUM MECHANICS AND APPLICATIONS QUANTUM MECHANICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: This course will enable the student to get familiar with quantum mechanics formulation.:
- After an exposition of inadequacies of classical mechanics in explaining microscopic phenomena, quantum theory formulation is introduced through Schrodinger equation.
- The interpretation of wave function of quantum particle and probabilistic nature of its location and subtler points of quantum phenomena are exposed to the student.
- Through understanding the behavior of quantum particle encountering a i) barrier, ii) potential, the student gets exposed to solving non-relativistic hydrogen atom, for its spectrum and eigenfunctions.
- Study of influence of electric and magnetic fields on atoms will help in understanding Stark effect and Zeeman Effect respectively.
- The experiments using Sci-lab will enable the student to appreciate nuances involved in the theory.
- This basic course will form a firm basis to understand quantum many body problems.
- In the laboratory course, with the exposure in computational programming in the computer lab, the student will be in a position to solve Schrodinger equation for ground state energy and wave functions of various simple quantum mechanical one- dimensional and three dimensional potentials.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Time dependent Schrodinger equation
- Time independent Schrodinger equation
- General discussion of bound states in an arbitrary potential
- Quantum Theory of hydrogen-like atoms
- Atoms in Electric and Magnetic Fields
- Atoms in External Magnetic Field.
- Many electron atoms
- Skills to be learned
- This course shall develop an understanding of how to model a given problem such as hydrogen, particle in a box etc. atom etc using wave function, operators and solve them.
- These skills will help in understanding the different Quantum Systems.
GEC-X & DSEC-VI: EMBEDDED SYSTEM: INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: At the successful completion of the course the student is expected to master the following:
- Embedded systems including its generic architecture, design and classifications, Embedded processors and microcontrollers.
- Organization of intel microprocessor 8085, its architecture, pin diagram, timing diagram, instruction set and programming in assembly language.
- Organization of Intel 8051 microcontroller, its architecture, instruction set, programming and its memory organization, timing diagram.
- Input/output operations and manipulation for arithmetic and logical operations.
- Programming with and without interrupt service request.
- Interfacing parallel and serial ADC and DAC.
- Basics of embedded system development and product development with a brief introduction to Arduino.
- Student shall be able to design, fabricate, test and run the programs.
- Broad contents of the course:
- Embedded Systems
- Intel microprocessor 8085.
- Intel 8051 microcontroller, architecture, instruction set, programming and its memory organization, timing diagram.
- Input/output operations and manipulation for arithmetic and logical operations.
- Programming with and without interrupt service request.
- Interfacing parallel and serial ADC and DAC.
- Embedded system development and product development
- Skills to be learned
- Learn the architecture of embedded systems, their classification and application.
- Learn about the microprocessors and the organization of microprocessor based systems.
- Acquire knowledge of microcontrollers and their role in 1/0 port programming and their interface with peripherals.
- Learn about analog to digital and digital to analog convertors.
- Learn basics of Arduino and programming.
GEC-XI& DSEC-VII: NUCLEAR & PARTICLE PHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: At the successful completion of the course the student is expected to master the following:
- Learn the ground state properties of a nucleus – the constituents and their properties, mass number and atomic number, relation between the mass number and the radius and the mass number, average density, range of force, saturation property, stability curve, the concepts of packing fraction and binding energy, binding energy per nucleon vs. mass number graph, explanation of fusion and fission from the nature of the binding energy graph.
- Know about the nuclear models and their roles in explaining the ground state properties of the nucleus –(i) the liquid drop model, its justification so far as the nuclear properties are concerned, the semi-empirical mass formula, (ii) the shell model, evidence of shell structure, magic numbers, predictions of ground state spin and parity, theoretical deduction of the shell structure, consistency of the shell structure with the Pauli exclusion principles.
- Learn about the process of radioactivity, the radioactive decay law, the emission of alpha, beta and gamma rays, the properties of the constituents of these rays and the mechanisms of the emissions of these rays, outlines of Gamow’s theory of alpha decay and Pauli’s theory of beta decay with the neutrino hypothesis, the electron capture, the fine structure of alpha particle spectrum, the Geiger-Nuttall law, the radioactive series.
- Learn the basic aspects of nuclear reactions, the Q-value of such reaction and its derivation from conservation laws, the reaction cross-sections, the types of nuclear reactions, direct and compound nuclear reactions, Rutherford scattering by Coulomb potential.
- Learn some basic aspects of interaction of nuclear radiation with matter- interaction of gamma ray by photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and pair production, energy loss due to ionization, Cerenkov radiation.
- Learn about the detectors of nuclear radiations- the Geiger-Mueller counter, the scintillation counter, the photo-multiplier tube, the solid state and semiconductor detectors.
- The students are expected to learn about the principles and basic constructions of particle accelerators such as the Van-de-Graff generator, cyclotron, betatron and synchrotron. They should know about the accelerator facilities in India.
- Gain knowledge on the basic aspects of particle Physics – the fundamental interactions, elementary and composite particles, the classifications of particles: leptons, hadrons (baryons and mesons), quarks, gauge bosons. The students should know about the quantum numbers of particles: energy, linear momentum, angular momentum, isospin, electric charge, colour charge, strangeness, lepton numbers, baryon number and the conservation laws associated with them.
- Broad contents of the course:
- General properties of nuclei
- Nuclear models
- Radioactive decays
- Nuclear reactions
- Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter
- Detectors for nuclear interaction
- Particle accelerators
- Elementary particles and their properties
- Skills to be learned
- Skills to describe and explain the properties of nuclei and derive them from various models of nuclear structure.
- To understand, explain and derive the various theoretical formulation of nuclear disintegration like α decay, β decay and s decays.
- Develop basic understanding of nuclear reactions and decays with help of theoretical formulate and laboratory experiments
- Skills to develop basic understanding of the interaction of various nuclear radiation with matter in low and high energy.
- Ability to understand, construct and operate simple detector systems for nuclear radiation and training to work with various types of nuclear accelerators.
- Develop basic knowledge of elementary particles as fundamental constituent of matter, their properties, conservation laws during their interactions with matter
DSEC-VIII: MEDICAL PHYSICS
(Credits: 06, Theory-04, Practicals-02)
- Course learning outcome: This course will enable the student to:
- Focus on the application of Physics to clinical medicine.
- Gain a broad and fundamental understanding of Physics while developing particular expertise in medical applications.
- Learn about the human body, its anatomy, physiology and biophysics, exploring its performance as a physical machine. Other topics include the Physics of the senses.
- He / She will study diagnostic and therapeutic applications like the ECG, radiation Physics, X-ray technology, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.
- Gain knowledge with reference to working of various diagnostic tools , medical imaging techniques, how ionizing radiation interacts with matter, how it affects living organisms and how it is used as a therapeutic technique and radiation safety practices
- Imparts functional knowledge regarding need for radiological protection and the sources of and approximate level of radiation exposure for treatment purposes.
- In the laboratory course, the student will be exposed to the workings of various medical devices. He / she gets familiarized with various detectors used in medical imaging, medical diagnostics. The hands-on experience will be very useful for the students when he / she enter the job market
- Broad contents of the course:
- Physics of the Body-I
- Physics of the Body –II
- Physics of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems-I
- Radiation Physics
- Medical Imaging Physics
- Radiation Oncology Physics
- Radiation and Radiation Protection
- Physics of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems-I
- Skills to be learned
- Essential physics of Medical Imaging, Radiological Physics, Therapeutic Systems and Radiation Therapy is acquire.
B.SC ZOOLOGY HONOURS (CBCS)
ZOO-HC-1016:Non-chordates 1: Protista to Pseudocoelomates
Outcome:
- Different groups of invertebrate animals are studied in this course including Protista, Porifera, Coelenterate, Plathyhelminthes and Nemathelminthes
- General characters and classification upto order are studied.
- Some special features, organs, pathogenecity, life history and significance are studied here.
Non-chordates 1: Protista to Pseudocoelomates (PRACTICALS)
- Study of museum specimens:- The specimens are identified and classified for practical knowledge.
- Prepared slides are studied in this part to understand the various structures of specimens.
- Life cycle and pathogenecity of animals creates awareness among students.
- Project helps students to understand the complexity of life cycle in animals.
ZOO-HC-1026 PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY
- Imparts knowledge to the student regarding various aspects of ecology, types of ecosystem, population and community characteristics and dynamics.
- Gains knowledge in the areas of wildlife, biodiversity conservation and management
- Gains understanding of wildlife, biodiversity and conservation Biology
PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY (PRACTICALS)
- Gains knowledge about environmental biology through the practical of estimation of DO in Water, CO2, PH etc
- Visit to National Park/Biodiversity Park/Wild life sanctuary helps students to understand animals better.
ZOO-HC-2016 NON-CHORDATES II: COELOMATES
- Different groups of invertebrate animals are studied in this course including Annelid, Arthropoda, Onychophora, Mollusca and Echinodermata. Their general characteristics, classification and special features are studied.
NON-CHORDATES II: COELOMATES PRACTICAL
- Specimen study is done
- Digestive system of invertebrates helps student to know the diversity of gut formation.
- Project on larval forms of animals enhance studnts knowledge.
ZOO-HC-2026 CELL BIOLOGY
- Students get awareness about the size, shape and structure and function of cells and different cell organelles.
- This helps the students for a better understanding of cell and its cycle.
- Students also learn about cell signaling.
CELL BIOLOGY ( PRACTICALS)
- Students get to know about mitosis, meiosis.
- They also learn about iDNA by Feulgen reaction, Mucopolysaccharides by PAS reaction and Proteins by Mercuro bromophenol blue/FastGreen
ZOO-HC-3016 DIVERSITY OF CHORDATA
- Different groups of vertebrate animals are studied in this course including Protochordata, Hemichordata, Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Agnathostomarta, Picses, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia.
- General characters and classification upto order are studied.
- Study of zoo-geography helps to learn about distribution of animals.
DIVERSITY OF CHORDATA (PRACTICAL)
- Permanent slides help students to study sections of animals.
- Specimen study helps students to study diversity of animals.
ZOO-HC-3026 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY: CONTROLLING AND COORDINATING SYSTEMS
- This unit helps students to understand about the various tissues, muscles, bones, endocrine system, reproductive system etc.
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY: CONTROLLING AND COORDINATING SYSTEMS (PRACTICALS)
- Students learn about tissues, bones etc through permanent slides and also by preparing temporary slides.
- Students develop interest in preparing permanent slides through the process of microtomy.
ZOO-HC-3036 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
- All the biochemical components of the body system are studied.
- It helps the student to get an idea about the chemical compositions of different chemical compounds such as enzymes, hormones and their secretions.
- It also includes the pathway and chemicals which are responsible for the energy production in our body.
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS)
- Students do qualitative tests on carbohydrate, proteins and lipids.
- They learn the process of chromatography.
- They also learn proteins separation by SDS-PAGE.
BENGALI HONOURS (CBCS)
Department of Bengali of the LOKD College is the epicenter of its culture and heritage. Pursuing Bengali as Major subject in degree level is a turning point for students to develop their literary aptitude and linguistic foundation. Students will have the opportunity to study the socio-political as well as cultural history extensively of Bengali along with that of different literary and artistic movements. Study of literary texts that reflect the socio- cultural and political interests of different periods of Bengali literary history would assist the students in comprehending the diverse aspects and issues of the concerned authors and tendencies of the time. The knowledge of this venture can help students find engagement opportunities in various fields. It also stimulates learners’ creative instinct for getting involved in various cultures of literature and language.
Along with this, Bengali Major Course students also learn other literatures. The literary tools learnt by the students under the university curriculum may be applied for literary appraisal and critical thinking. The department of Bengali focuses on exploring newer ideas in the budding talents of the students. The syllabus of the subject provides space for students to get acquainted with the literature and culture emerging through a unique experience and against the backdrop of recent political and social events of both urban and rural vicinity of essential global phenomena. Familiarity in Phonetics, Morphology, syntactic and semantic structures of linguistic field is one another area of benefit in the subject.
Bengali Department of LOKD College provides students platform for various academic and other important programs with an environment that is intellectually stimulating and challenging and seeks to teach them not only the discipline in all its dimensions but also valuable life lessons. While it maintains an atmosphere that is friendly and helpful, the Department prides itself in adherence to schedules, it insists on serious and sustained study. Its faculty has a reputation for working as a team and many of its activities, like seminars, workshops, curricular revisions and the declaration of examination results in record time
PROGRAMME OUTCOME
BENGALI (MAJOR)
PO1 : Students of degree course will learn how to appreciate different forms of Bengali literature.
PO2 : A study of the history of the Bengali literature and language will enrich their knowledge of the Bengali Literature and language from the beginning. Along with them the students will learn the socio-cultural and political aspects of the period.
PO3 : Critical thinking abilities and analytical skills of the students will be enhanced.
PO4 : It gives knowledge on the life of famous poets or authors as well as their famous works.
PO5 : The course will be accelerated the skills of students for creative writings.
PO6 : After completing the Major course in Bengali students will competent for post-graduation in
language or literature, linguistics, culture and other allied subjects.
PO7 : Students will engage themselves in the language processing work like language corpus including works and speech corpus etc.
PO8 : Students will able to engage themselves in the teaching jobs.
PO9 : The course creates the feelings of unity among the students which is necessary in our society forever.
COURSE SPECIFIC OUTCOME
BA 1st Semester (Major)
Topic : Bengali Medieval Literature
PAPER | COURSE OUTCOME |
---|---|
1.1 | The learners will be introduced to medieval period in Bengali literature |
1.2 | The course includes the poetry of medieval period which help students to know the Bengali poetry, its impact on society etc. |
BA 2nd Semester (Major)
Topic : Autobiography and Children Literature
PAPER | COURSE OUTCOME |
---|---|
2.1 | The course deals with autobiography of renowned writers and freedom fighters of Bengal which will help the students to know the life and activities of them. |
2.2 | It enables the students to study Bengali children literature. |
BA 3rd Semester (Major)
Topic : History of Bengali Literature
PAPER | COURSE OUTCOME |
---|---|
3.1 | The course incorporates history of Bengali literature from the very beginning. It throws lights on the old and medieval Bengali literature, which gives knowledge to the students on the pioneer authors of Bengali literature. |
3.2 | It throws lights on the modern Bengali literature which enthuse the students to know about the literature along with the writers and the socio-economic-political background of that time. |
BA 4th Semester (Major)
Topic: History of Bengali Language and Modern Bengali Poetry
PAPER | COURSE OUTCOME |
---|---|
4.1 | The learners will be initiated to the history of Bengali language which helps the students to learn the characteristics of language and the importance of study of language. It covers the knowledge of phonetics, phonology and morphology. The learners will be initiated to Rhetoric and Prosody of Bengali literature. It studies the importance of Rhetoric and Prosody in Bengali Literature. |
4.2 | The course introduces students to 19th -20th century Bengali Poetry, which mingles the students with classical, patriotic poems along with modern poetry. |
BA 5th Semester (Major)
Topic: Novel, Short Story, Drama, Travel writing, Essay and Fictional Prose.
PAPER | COURSE OUTCOME |
---|---|
5.1 | The course introduces the students with Bengali novel which helps them for the enhancement of their literary skills, make them informative about the society and its culture. |
5.2 | The course introduces the students with Bengali short story which provides knowledge about the richness of Bengali short story. |
5.3 | It provides the concept of various Bengali drama like historical, mythical, modern, absurd etc. It enables students to study the importance of drama in Bengali literature. It also studies the structure of modern drama. It squints the students with the elements of drama. |
5.4 | The students will be acquainted with travel writing. It studies the structure of travel writing and also the elements of it. It helps the students to know about various places in and out of their country. |
5.5 | The students will be introduced to essay writing which help them to enhance their writing skill. |
5.6 | The students will be introduced to Bengali prose which provides knowledge to the students on the pioneer authors of Bengali prose writings. |
BA 6th Semester (Major)
Topic: Poetry, Short story, Literary criticism, Neighboring literature, Bengali lilerature of Assam, Project paper.
PAPER | COURSE OUTCOME |
---|---|
6.1 | The students will be acquainted with the Poetry of Rabindranath Tagore. |
6.2 | The students will be acquainted with the Short Stories of Rabindranath Tagore. |
6.3 | It enthuse the students to know the concept of literary criticism. It gives information to students about the difference between western and Bengali literary criticism. It provides the concept of poetry. It provides the concept of drama. It provides the concept of fictional and non-fictional literature. |
6.4 | The course deals with the theory of literature of the neighboring states which helps the students about the socio-cultural, economic, political aspects of the society of the neighboring states. |
6.5 | The students will be introduced to Bengali literature of Assam. |
6.6 | The students will be acquainted with research Methodology and writing Projects on literature. |
B.SC BOTANY
PROGRAMME OUTCOME:
Students having Botany as major or general subject, gain knowledge of the nature around them. They become familiar with the diverse range of plants and their interactions with all other living beings including man. Since only the green plants have the capacity of synthesizing starch, the ultimate source of food material for all living beings, it is necessary for all to understand the importance of plants for the existence of life in the earth. The theoretical and practical knowledge of the plant sciences make the students aware of the utilization of plants and their products for human welfare and environment conservation. They also become more attached with the nature and understand the role played by the different plant groups in maintaining ecological balances.
Students opting for botany as a subject, get tremendous scope for higher studies in Botany, Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Biotechnology, pharmacognosy, Virology and Bacteriology, Bioinformatics and so on. They can progress further in their careers and work as research scholars and scientists(in institute of natural and international repute), teachers, nutritionists, environmentalists, taxonomists, microbiologists, pharmacists, food technologists etc. they can also find employment in public sectors like- forensic study, Food Companies, Biological Supply Houses, Drug companies, Laboratory technicians etc. In government sector, students can get job in National Parks and wildlife Services, Social forestry and Environmental Protection, Plant Genetic Resources Lab, Forest Service etc.
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOME:
- Understand the significance of plants in the living world, their diversity and conservation.
- Acquire knowledge of pure and applied botany.
- Understand the contribution of plants and their products in different fields covering food and nutrition, medicine, textile, oil, fibre etc.
- Learn the basic concepts of environment and its relation to the living world.
- Familiaring with the distribution of plants in various phytogeographical regions at local, national and international levels.
- Acquiring ideas about the origin and evolution of life on earth including the concepts of variantion, adaptation, survival, natural selection, isolation and speciation.
- Corelation of different tools and techniques for better undertanding of different life processes.
- Innovation of new methods of bringing improvement in meeting the food requiemrnts of the growing world.
- Learning recent trends of advance cytogenetics, informatics, biotechnology, molecularbiology, microbiology, physiology and plant biochemistry for imparing knowledge and research skills in the students.
Course Outcomes
B.Sc. BOTANY
B.Sc. SEMESTER I :
Paper M 101 (Theory) : Plant kingdom, Algae & Fungi :
- Understanding the diversity, forms, life span and ecological status of plant kingdom.
- Knowing the diversity, morphology, life cycle patters and economic importance of algae.
- Learning the diversity in different groups of fungi.
- Having knowledge of general characters, nutrition, reproduction and economic importance of fungi.
- Knowledge of various forms of virus bacteria and Lichens.
Paper M 102(Theory): Bryophytes and Pteridophytes :
- Knowing the diversity and phylogenetic relationships among the various groups of bryophytes.
- Learning the morphology, anatomy and reproduction and economic importance of bryophytes.
- Knowledge of classification and comparative study of morphology and reproduction in pteridophytes.
- Understanding heterospory and seed habit in different types in pteridophytes.
Paper M103 (Practical):
- Firsthand knowledge and study of the morphological and reproductive structure of algae, fungi, bryophytes and pteridophytes through diagrams, illustrations and slide preparations.
- Identifying various forms of bacteria, virus and lichens from photographs/slides/specimens.
B.Sc. SEMESTER II :
Paper M201 (Theory) : Gymnosperms, Paleobotany& Plant Anatomy :
- Understanding the floras of the past geological era and the internal structure and organization of the plants belonging to gymnosperms.
- Knowing the comparative morphology, anatomy and reproduction of various types of gymnosperms.
- Understanding the process of fossilization and knowing about the types of fossils.
- Knowing about the internal structure and organization of the plants for anatomical studies.
Paper M202 (Theory) : Cell Biology and Plant Biotechnology :
- Understanding the various aspects of cell and its components
- Knowledge about the basis of genetical studies.
- Understanding the basic principle of bio-chemistry.
- Knowing the classification, nomenclatures and properties of enzymes.
Paper M 203(Practical):
- Getting practical knowledge and ideas about the various types of gymnosperms and paleobotanical specimens.
- Be able to prepare slides of various specimens studied.
- Getting the knowledge of continuity of life and growth patterns by study and slide preparation of the cell division.
B.Sc. SEMESTER III :
Paper M301 (Theory) : Ecology, Plant Geography and Evolution :
- Understanding various aspects of ecology and environment.
- Knowing in detail about various ecosystems and their characteristics.
- Learning the characteristics of population and community.
- Being aware in dealing with various measure of controlling pollution in the environment.
- Knowledge of different phytogeographical regions of India with respect to the vegetation of the different regions locally and globally.
- Analyzing the mysteries surrounding origin of life on earth, evolution mechanisms and gene frequencies with respect to population.
Paper M302 (Theory) : Instrumentation & Laboratory Techniques :
- This paper helps the students to understand instrumentation including microscopy, microtechniques, chromatography and laboratory techniques.
- Use of camera lucida, hot air oven, incubators, aultoclave, laminar air flow, centrifuge, ph meter etc.
- The uses, principles and advantages of different methods of chromatography (Paper, TLC and column)
- Demonstration of different types of instruments like spectrophotometer and their uses.
- Basic principles of fixatives, stains, field museum and herbarium specimens and their preservation techniques.
Paper M303 (Practical):
Hands on experience obtained during the practical classes helps the students to understand the inter-relationship between the different components of the ecosysytem. Students also learn to handle the instruments efficiency in their place of work, and laboratories.
B.Sc. SEMESTER IV :
Paper 401(Morphology, Palynology, Embryology of Angiosperms) :
- Understanding angiosperms with relation to their origin and evolution, floral morphology and role of advanced morphology in plant classification.
- Familiarizing the aspects and prospects of palynology and methods of studying pollen morphology, production and sterility.
- Learning the basics of embryology, types of embryosacs and evolutionary significance.
Paper M 402 : Plant taxonomy :
- Learining the objectives, principles and evolutionary trends in taxonomy.
- Familiaring with the plant classification systems, concepts of species, genus and family, nomenclature, modern trends in plant taxonomy.
- Having knowledge of different families of dicotyledons and monocolyledons.
Paper M403 : (Practical)
Practical study of the pollen morphology has proved to be of great value in fields of taxonomy, forensic science and classification of plants.
B.Sc. SEMESTER V :
Paper M 501 (Theory): Microbiology and Immunology
This paper makes the students learn and understand the role of microorganisms in our daily life, the studies on immunology and general characteristics of virus, bacteria alongwith their importance.
Paper M 502(Theory): Plant Pathology and lichen
This paper deals with the different aspects of plant pathology including plant diseases, symptoms and control measure and plant disease management.
The study of lichens help in understanding pollution and lichens as a pollution indicator.
Paper M 503 (Theory): Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Biometrics
The students learning the basic concepts in cytology band genetics of both plants and animals. The knowledge of plant breeding can let the students dealing with genetic improvements of crops. The knowledge of biostatistics helps the students in various field of biology and statistical methodology, analytical research in genetics, plant breeding and other disciplines of life sciences.
Paper M 504 (Theory): Applied Botany
The study of this paper makes the students familiar with the knowledge on utilization of plants and microorganisms for human welfare. The students become aware of environmental aspects like differentiation and climate change. The application of breeding techniques and various methods of plant propagation are known to the course students.
Paper M 505 (Practical): Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Lichens
This paper includes the study and firsthand knowledge of
- Gram staining of bacteria.
- Preparation and sterilization of culture media.
- Isolations of soil microorganisms, air microbes and fungal pathogens.
- Pure culture techniques.
- Counting of bacterial cells.
- Thallus morphology of various lichens.
Paper M 506 (Practical): Cytogenetics, Plant breeding, Biometrics and applied Botany
- Learn the practical aspects of karyotypes study, chromosomal aberrations, gene interactions and process of emasculation for plant breeding
- Learn the calculation methods of mean,median, mode, standard deviation and stand error.
- Knowledge of isolation of bacteria from root nodules and counting of pollen grains in honey samples.
B.Sc. SEMESTER VI :
Paper M 601 (Theory): Molecular Biology and Plant Biochemistry
- The study of this paper enhances the knowledge of gene, genetic code, properties and evidences.
- Learn thoroughly about DNA,RNA, exons, introns, transcription and translation in prokaryotes.
- Knowledge of mutation and its types.
- Understanding the biochemicals processes of nitrogen metabolism, protein synthesis, enzymes and carbohydrate metabolism.
Paper M 602 (Theory): Bioinformatics, Computer Application and Biotechnology
- Get a basic information of bioinformatics and its applications.
- Basic knowledge of computer in biological sciences.
- Enable to learn the history, scope and significance of biotechnology.
- Having a detailed knowledge of plant tissue culture and plant genetic engineering.
Paper M 603 (Theory): Plant Physiology
This paper gives a thorough knowledge of the concepts and importance of plant physiology with the study of –
- Plant soil water relationship.
- Mineral nutrition and salt absorption.
- Photosynthesis as a whole process.
- Respiration in plants.
- Translocation of organic solutes.
- Growth and development.
Paper M 604(Theory): Plant Resource Utilization
The paper enables the students to understand the concept of plant resource utilization and sustainable use of plant resources. The paper includes the study of
- Origin of cultivated plants.
- Beverages
- Fibres
- Timber and non timber plant resources.
- Pharmacognosy and its importance in medicinal plant uses.
- Ethnobotany and intellectual property rights.
Paper M 605(Practical):
- This practical paper helps the students to have hands on training on methods of protein estimation, separation and identification of amino acids presents in plant extracts, sugar estimation, paper chromatography, TAN estimation and nitrogen estimation.
- Knowledge and practices of preparing slant, knowledge of micro propagation, genetic engineering techniques, construction of restriction map, study of different bio fertilizers, aseptic seed germination, study of different bio fertilizers and homology modeling through the BLAST.
- Understanding the practical utility of bioinformatics in preparing databases, sequence alignment, homology and phylogenetic tree.
- Utility of computer applicxations.
Paper M 606 (Practical):
- This practical paper includes the study of various physiological experiments and processes related to plasmolysis, water potential, transpiration, imbibitions, respiration and chromatography.
- The students are also acquainted with the chemical tests for tannins, pharmacognosial studies and histochemical tests.
THE PROGRAMME/ COURSE OBJECTIVE
AND LEARNING OUTCOME IN
B.Sc. CHEMISTRY (GENERAL COURSE)
SEMESTER – 1
Course Objective:
This course contains Atomic Structure, Ionic and Covalent Bonding, Gaseous State, Liquid and Solid State.
Learning Outcome:
On successful completion, students would have clear understanding of the concept related to the atomic and molecular structure, chemical bonding etc. Students will learn the kinetic theory of gases, ideal gases and real gases. The qualitative treatment of the structure of liquid along with the physical properties of vapor pressure surface tension and viscosity. In solid state, the students will learn the basic solid state chemistry.
SEMESTER– 2
Course Objective:
This course contains – Alcohols, Ethers, Hydrocarbon-1, Hydrocarbon-2, Hydrocarbon-3, Chemical Thermodynamics & Phase rule.
Learning Outcome:
Students will be able to identify different classes of organic compounds and their reactivity , also they are expected to learn about the thermodynamic functions, laws of thermodynamics & components , degree of freedom etc.
SEMESTER- 3
Course Objectives:
This course contains – Chemistry of transition elements- 2, Chemistry of Non- Transition elements – 2, Transitional elements & Electrochemistry.
Learning outcome:
On successful completion of this course students would be able to identify the variety of s-block and p-block compounds, structure, bonding, properties and uses. The students also able to know the idea about inorganic benzene, borazines etc. They will also benefitted by acquiring the idea of electromotive force, fuel cell, Nernst equation etc.
Experiments in the course will boost their analysis of organic sample, solubility determination, viscosity etc.
SEMESTER-4
Course Objective:
This paper contains- Aliphatic and Aromatic hydroxyl compounds and ethers, Aliphatic Amines and Aniline, Aliphatic and Aromatic carbonyl compounds, Aliphatic and Aromatic carboxylic acids and amino acids, carbohydrates, Fats and oils.
Learning Outcome:
Students will be able to differentiate between various organic functional groups, analysis and design of transformation between different functional groups. Students will be familiarized with the importance of amino acids, fats and oils and develop their ability to examine their properties and applications.
Experiments in this course will help the students about quantitative estimation skills and determination of radicals present in the salt mixtures
SEMESTER- 5
Course Objective:
This course is intended to apprise students about – Chemistry of materials, Principle of Chemical analysis, Principles and application of Spectroscopy-1, & Principles and Application of Spectroscopy-2, Nuclear Chemistry, Lanthanides and Actinides.
Learning Outcome:
By studying this course, the students will be expected to learn about the band theory, conductor, semi conductor, effect of common ion, solubility product in the analysis of salt etc. They are also benefitted by collecting the idea of fluorescence, phosphorescence, UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, Raman activity, NMR, Chemical shift, radioactivity and history of lanthanide and actinide elements.
SEMESTER-6
Course Objective:
This course comprises of industrial chemistry inorganic as well as industrial chemistry organic and also environmental chemistry , biological chemistry, natural products and medicines.
Learning Outcome:
Students are expected to learn about different industrial techniques in terms of organic and inorganic. They will also come to know about the chemicals involved in industrial sector. While in the other hand, student will be apprised with natural products including Lock and key theory etc. They will also get an overview of green house effect, global warming, smog etc.
COMMERCE
PROGRAMME OUTCOME
PO1.To give a general understanding of the concepts, principals, theories and arguments of specific areas of study above the core disciplines of economics, business and commerce.
PO2.Establish a broad knowledge and understanding of selected fields of study in the core programme of the study, with an thorough perceptive in at least one of these fields.
PO3.To participate positively in self directed study and research and have a consistent commitment to learning.
PO4.Concern towards various issues and problems of society and thereby contributing through understanding the various aspects within and outside the core programme.
PO5.Identification,evaluation,and resolution of complex problems through various critical and analytical skills and methods and to do so from the standpoint of specialized knowledge generated in at least one specific commerce discipline.
PO6.Describe the key and primary concepts and theories and institutional arrangements describing the operations and performance of Modern economics.
PO7.Enables students to qualify for employment in a wide range of occupation.
PO8.Making independent in the learning and responding in a critically process informed manner to innovative ideas, research findings, methodologies and theoretical frameworks in their specialised field of study.
PO9.Describe and use the existing theories, concepts and findings from the social sciences to adequately manage people and organizations for the full range benefit of organizational stakeholders.
PO10.To inculcate an ability in both written and oral formats to train the students in communication skills effectively.
PO11.Encourage and appreciate the participation in national and international debates and discussions on economic, commercial and global issues of business.
PO12. Developing interpersonal skills, exercising teamwork to accomplish a common goal and moulding the students to work proficiently and productively in groups.
PO13.Graduates are able to appear for higher studies like MBA, M. Com, etc and successfully pursue professional courses like chartered accountant, company secretary, cost accountant etc.
PO14.Graduates are prepared to work as an accountant, Finance officer ,Auditor, Consultant, Business Analyst, Tax Consultant, stock broker, business analyst, economist, business development trainee etc.
PO15. B.Com graduates are entitled to have myriad of job opportunities like business consultancies, accounting firms, foreign trade, merchant banking, marketing, investment banking, inventory control etc.
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOME
PSO1. Equip the students with a various managerial skills and enhance the understanding of students in diversified fields like finance, accounting, management and taxation, the B.com course is designed.
PSO2. Make the students understand different subjects like economics, finance, indirect tax, management, laws, HRM, business statistics, marketing management, financial management etc to hold a B.Com degree.
COURSE OUTCOME
C/O 101- BUSINESS MATHEMATICS
The main aim of this paper is to make the students familiar with the fundamental knowledge of mathematics as applicable to Business Economics.
C/O 101 FUNDAMENTALS OF INSURANCE
To acquaint the students with the concept of insurance, Life insurance, General Insurance, Insurance organization and negotiator
C/O 102 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING-I
The objective is to give basic concept of Accounting Information, GAAP, Accounting Standards, Hire Purchase System, Self-Balancing System and Royalty Accounts Systems.
C/O 103 BUSINESS ORGANIZATION & ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
To acquaint about the different aspects like MNCs, Business combinations, Entrepreneurship, promotion of a new venture and role of Entrepreneurs in socio- economic development
C/O 104 INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Know about different aspects of Indian financial system, financial markets, financial institutions, and regulatory frameworks.
C/O 105-A COST ACCOUNTING
To give a basic concept of cost like material cost, labour cost, overhead process and contract costing integral and non-integral accounting system.
C/O 105-M HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Purpose is to make understand about the nature and scope of Human Resource Management (HRM), Recruitment, Selection, Job Evaluation, Wages, Salary, Administration and impact of globalization on HRM.
C/O-202 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING-II
Familiarized about international financial reporting standard, valuation of goodwill and accounting standards, Branch Accounting, Departmental Accounting, and dissolution procedure of partnership firms and its various accounting methods
C/O 203 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
To impart knowledge about management thought, Planning, Decision Making, Forecasting, Organizing, Departmentation, Span of Management, Authority and Responsibility, Motivation, Leadership, Communication, Control and Management of Change.
C/O 204 BUSINESS STATISTICS
The chief goal of this paper is to introduce students to basic statistical methods with a focus on the application of these methods to the business world.
C/O 205 A MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Know about the importance of management accounting in decision making, marginal costing, cost volume profit analysis, standard costing and variance analysis and budget control system.
C/O 205 M HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING DEVELOPMENT
The give basic concepts about nature and scope of Human resource planning, Human resource development, employee training, executive development, career planning, performance appraisal and measurement of Human resource planning.
C/O 303 CORPORATE ACCOUNTING
The objective of this paper is to give the students the basic concepts of how to prepare the final accounts of companies, amalgamation of companies, Right shares, Bonus shares, Buy back of shares, issue and redemption of debentures and its accounting treatment.
C/O 304 DIRECT TAXES
Learn about income tax act 1961, heads of income, Assessment procedure and wealth act 1957.
C/O 305 CORPORATE LAWS
To make the students understand about introduction of companies, financial structure, membership, company management, company Director and meetings.
C/O 306 A ADVANCED CORPORATE ACCOUNTING
To acquaint the students about valuation of shares and internal reconstruction, profit or loss prior to incorporation, winding up of companies and holding companies and its accounting procedures.
C/O 306 M INDUSTRIAL RELATION AND LABOUR LAWS
To learn about concept of industrial relations, industrial disputes, settlement machinery, Trade union act 1926, industrial employment, Factories act 1948, Payment of bonus act 1956, Payment of wages act 1936 and miscellaneous legislations.
C/O 401 BUSINESS ECONOMICS
To introduce students with demand analysis, introduction of business economics, production function, cost analysis, market structure and price determination and factor pricing.
C/O 402 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE
To know about concepts of auditing, internal control system, audit sampling, audit procedures and audit report.
C/O 403 INDIRECT TAXATION
To enable the students to learn about the newly implemented Goods and Services Tax law of the country and provisions related to it.
C/O 404 FINANCIAL SERVICES
Familiarize students about financial services, leasing and hire purchase, Merchant banking, Mutual funds and innovation of financial services.
C/O 405 A ADVANCED ACCOUNTING
To know about the final accounts preparation regarding Banking and Insurance companies, Investment Accounts and insurance claims procedures.
C/O 405M COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
To make the students understand about cost sheet, material cost, overhead, labour cost, standard costing, cash flow and fund flow statement, ratio analysis and application of management accounting.
C/O 501 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Learn about emerging issues and challenges in business at the national and international level in the light of the policies of liberalization and globalization.
C/O 502 MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Know about the basic concepts of marketing and its significance which enables to suitable marketing strategies for development in real life situations
C/O 503 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
To acquaint students about significance of financial management, investment decisions, concept of working capital management, capitalization and dividend decisions.
C/O 504 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IN BUSINESS-I
To learn about Indian Contract Act 1872, the Sale of Goods Act 1930, Assam Co-operative Society Act 1949.
C/O 505A FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS
To give vivid knowledge about statutory rules followed in preparing financial statements and its analyzing techniques and preparation of fund flow and cash flow statement.
C/O 505 M CUSTOMER RELATION AND RETAIL TRADE MANAGEMENT
To acquaint the students with the concept of customer relation management, building customer relationship, CRM process, meaning of retail management and its significance.
C/O 601 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS
To learn about the concept of computer and its significance in business.
C/O 602 MARKETING OF SERVICES
To make the students know the significance that services in the new business era.
C/O 603 MODERN BANKING PRACTICE
To learn about the concept of banks, its types, NPA, bank-customer relationship negotiable instruments and preparation of bank balance sheet.
C/O 604 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IN BUSINESS-II
To give the concept about Right to information act 2005, Indian Partnership Act 1932, Consumer Protection Act 1986 and FEMA act 1999 and some special acts.
C/O 605 PROJECT REPORT
The objective of this paper is to help the students to acquire the conceptual knowledge of research and methodology and process of preparing the project report.
B.A/B.SC ECONOMICS
PROGRAMME OUTCOME
PO1: This course will help students to analyze economic theory in an empirical context.
PO2: This course will provide the students with the opportunity to focus on applied economics and policy issues with the knowledge of both qualitative and quantitative economic models.
PO3: This will help students to get an idea of the behavior of India and the world economy.
PO4: Providing exposure to the capital market the course enables the students to explain the modalities of resource assets.
PO5: The course will acquire the students with the opportunity to pursue courses that emphasizes quantitative and theoretical aspects of economics.
PO6: This will help students for conducting socio economic researches with the knowledge of handling various mathematical and statistical tools.
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOME
PSO1: Economics is the study of how people use resources on an individual and collective basis. It also looks at production ,investment ,taxes and how people spend and save money .Thus ,studying economics helps to deal with issues in a of fields including business ,law ,politics and accounting etc. .Economics is the perfect combination of and analysis, calculation and It renders both Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of science degrees available for undergraduates pursuing Economics as a major subject. Economics graduates are well having problem solving capabilities and numerical skills and thus have more job opportunity.
PSO2:The courses includes the proficiency of the students to take up courses like company secretary, Banking, tax consultancy ,agricultural and environmental economics, labor economics ,business economics micro finance ,entrepreneurship development ,daily development etc.
COURSE OUTCOME:
MICRO ECONOMICS
CO1:To analyze the behavior of consumer and production in a particular situation .
CO2:To analyze and plan costs and production etc in anticipation of demand order to maximize profits.
CO3: To explain and analyze the working of markets operating at different levels of competition.
MACRO ECONOMICS:
CO1: To understand functioning of the economy as a whole and formation of economic policies.
CO2:To understand and control economic fluctuations.
CO3: TO elaborate on the basis of national income accounting and income employment determination.
QUANTITATIVES TCHNIQUES
CO1:To explain the rules for calculating derivatives uses and application in calculating inter relationship among total marginal and average cost and revenue ,calculate maxima ,minima elasticity and the optimal level of production of a firm .
CO2: To demonstrate the rules for calculating integration and its application in economic theories.
CO3: To illustrate the use of matrix algebra in national income model, input-output etc.
MONETARY ECONOMICS:
CO1: To be able to learn different monetary theories and to extend the ideas of monetary economics to the working of the wider financial economy.
CO2;To acquaint the students with the working of banks and others financial institutions.
CO3: To know the changing role of financial sector of the economy.
INDIA ECONOMY:
CO1: To develop a thorough understanding on the economy of India and to know about the policy issues relating the country economy.
CO2; To grasp the importance of planning undertaken by the government of India.
CO3: To develop ideas about the economy in as well as post reform years.
PUBLIC FINANCE:
CO1: To know about the allocation function and this study helps to allocate public expenditure most efficiently.
CO2: To know about the distribution function of public finance. It means to lessen the disparities in distribution of income and wealth by progressive taxation.
CO3: To know about the budget and fiscal policies.
ECONOMICS OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT:
Co1: To give an insight into the real meaning of development and how allocation of resources can facilitate or under certain situation, hamper the development of a given society.
CO2: To provide the opportunity to apply the tools of economic analysis to the problems and challenges facing less developed countries.
CO3: To know about sustainable development &human development indicators and their role in designing development programmes.
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS:
Co1: To analyze the international trade theories and changing pattern of international trade.
CO2: To study economic and political issues related to international trade and finance,
CO3: To lesson global economic issues and role of international institutions in tacking them.
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ECONOMICS:
Co1: To learn to collect appropriate date needed and to describe the concept of statistical averages, dispersion and other statistical analysis and interference.
CO2: To demonstrate the basic concept of probability followed by probability distribution of discrete and continuous random variables.
CO3: To understand measures and types of numbers and time series.
ECONOMETRICS
CO1: To provide a comprehensive introduction to basic econometric concepts and techniques.
CO2: To introduce the students to hypothesis testing through the estimation of simple and multiple regression models.
CO3: To provide the concept of the consequences of and tests for misspecification of regression models.
HISRTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT
Co1: To introduce the students with different economic thinkers and theories of different periods.
CO2: To get knowledge of economic thought which may be roughly divided into three phases-pr modern [Greek Arab] Early modern [mercantilist, physiocrats] and modern [since Adam Smith late 18th centuray]
CO3: To acquaint the students with the systematic economic theory that has been developed mainly since the birth of the modern era.
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS:
CO1: To introduce the students to environmental issues and to enable them to analyze the working of the environment and the economy.
CO2: To achieve sustainable development of the society.
CO3:To have the knowledge to protect the environment while promoting development.
B.A EDUCATION
PROGRAMME OUTCOME
EDUCATION is the word related with everything. Different types of topic are included in this one subject. Without education we cannot adjust with our society. So some important point which are represent the outcome of education programme , which are as follows –
PSO 1 = Develop the awareness of Education in a present social context .
PSO 2 = Understanding the importance of psychological term i.e. adjustment mental health, hygiene, Traits etc. Reflect in practical life.
PSO 3 = To make students understand how philosophical ideas have influenced ideas.
PSO 4 = To understand about different methods, devices , models of teaching learning process and related Topic of teaching profession.
PSO 5 = To create awareness among the students that the importance of education in practical life.
PSO 6 = To determine various as abilities of the students i.e. memory , attention, recall, recognition e.t.c. of students.
PSO 7 = Develop the management process related with different aspects of education.
PSO 8= To understand the burning problems of environmental and population issues.
PSO 9 = This programme helps the students to develop the balanced personality in the changing society
PSO 10 = The students will acquire knowledge of research programmed and also find scope in professional course of study through B.ED, M.ED. and Law .
COURSE OUTCOME
CO1 = FOUNDATION OF EDUCATIONAL THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES :
Develop in the students a knowledge of the process foundation theories philosophies and principles of education .
CO2 = EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY :
Understanding with scientific principles and theories of education and with the different methods, theories of educational psychology .
CO3 = DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN INDIA :
To understanding the comparison between ancient and modern educational aspects.
CO4 = SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION :
Understanding the process of different social interaction and its relevance in education which are organization, culture , social problems in India etc.
CO5 =EMERGING ISSUES AND EDUCATION:
Students will understand various emerging issues in education like universalization of primary education, literacy programmes, women empowerment, Human Right, integration globalization, etc.
CO6 = MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN EDUCATION:
Students will be acquainted with terms of different educational measurement and importance of evaluation in the field of education.
CO7 = EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY :
Students will get a knowledge with different types of technology and innovation in education through educational technology , computer and innovations of technology .
CO8= ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND POPULATION EDUCATION :
To enable the students to understand the concept of environmental and population issues and solving problems.
CO9 = PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION :
To make students understanding a knowledge of the relationship between education and philosophical ideas like western philosophy , Indian philosophy and Democracy.
CO10 =EDUCATIONAL THINKERS – ORIENTAL AND OCCIDENTAL :
To enable the students to understanding the philosophy of different educational thinkers and their contribution to the present day educational thought in different aspects of education.
CO11= TEACHER EDUCATION :
To acquaint the learner with the concept, aims, scope and development of teacher education. They will also know about its importance of in-service and pre-service programmes with different organizations involved in teacher education.
CO12 =TEACHING –LEARNING METHOD AND PEDAGOGY :
To understand about the teaching learning process and its different aspects, principles, maxims and teaching models .Its helps the students to positive attitude towards the teaching profession.
CO13 = STATISTICS IN EDUCATION :
The students will understand the basic concepts of statistics and different statistical procedures used in education .
CO14 = PRACTICAL PAPER :
Students will gain knowledge about the experimental psychology in a laboratory. It also develop scientific attitude amongst students.
CO15 =DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY :
The students to understand the basic concepts of development of a human being which is cover from Infancy to Adolescence period .
CO16 = CONTINUING EDUCATION AND DISTANCE EDUCATION :
To enable the students to understand the concepts of continuing education and Distance education relevance to present changing society.
CO17 = SPECIAL EDUCATION :
Students will gain knowledge from this meaning and importance of special education and awareness about the different types of government policies and legislations. It also help to know about the different issues, education provisions and support services of special education.
CO18 = GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING :
The students will develop knowledge about concepts, types, importance of Guidance and counseling . It also help to know about qualities and role of a school counselor.
CO19 =EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION :
To enable the students to understand the basic concepts of management , organization and administration of India and specially Assam.
CO20 = PROJECT PAPER :
This paper will help the students the practical insight about action research which are related with education. This also help the student about the basic knowledge of M Phil and PhD course.
B.A POLITICAL SCIENCE
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOME
- PSO 1-Understanding the nature and developments in National and International politics.
- PSO 2-Analysing the Indian constitutional provisions, major legislations and reforms.
- PSO 3-Examining India’s foreign relations with her neighbors and great powers.
- PSO 4-Analysing the working of important international and regional organizations like UN, EU, ASEAN etc.
PROGRAMME OUTCOME
- PO 1-Political science and society: Understanding the inter relationship between policy decisions and its effects on society.
- PO 2-Critical thinking: the ability to analyze and predict socio-political phenomena based on the study of existing socio-economic determinants and past experiences.
- PO 3-Effective citizenship: the course curriculum inculcates among students a basic understanding of the rights and duties of citizenship and thereby to act as responsible citizens through the observation of important days such as Independence Day, Republic Day, and Constitution Day etc.
- PO 4-Communication: establishment of linkages between academics and civil society at large so as to successfully address socio-political problems. Debates, Seminars and Panel discussions are also regularly organized on relevant themes and participation is sought from experienced resource persons.
COURSE OUTCOME (MAJOR & GENERAL):
POLITICAL THEORY
- CO1. Analyzing what is politics and explaining the approaches to the study of political science- Normative, Behavioral, post behavioral, Feminist.
- CO2. Assessing the theories of state (origin, nature, functions): contract, idealist, liberal and non-liberal theories.
- CO3. Understanding the basic concepts of Liberty, Equality, rights, law and justice.
- CO4. Discussing Marx’s theory of state with special reference to relative autonomy of the state.
- CO5. Explaining Marxian theory of Revolution.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- CO1. Explaining the scope and subject matter of International relation as an autonomous academic discipline.
- CO2. Explaining the issues of underdevelopment, terrorism, Regionalism and Integration that characterizes the post second world war order.
- CO3. Studying the role of Diplomacy, Propaganda, Military capabilities in the making of foreign policy.
- CO4. Examining Indian Foreign policy: Basic principles, Evolution and Bilateral relations.
- CO5. Describing the Cold war phases and understanding the the post war period.
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
- CO1. Studying the concept of Power, Authority and Legitimacy in the context of society.
- CO2. Examining the social stratification through the index of class, caste and elite.
- CO3. Classifying the different types of political systems.
- CO4. Studying groups in politics: political parties and pressure groups.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
- CO1. Examining the nature, scope and evolution of Public Administration: Private and Public Administration.
- CO2. Analyzing the major concepts in Public Administration.
- CO3. Tracing the challenges in the discipline of Public administration like New Public administration (NPA), Comparative public Administration (CPA), Development administration.
- CO4. Discussing the Ecological approach to Public administration.
- CO5. Analyzing the Civil service in India.
WESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHT
- CO1. Providing a insight into the dominant features of Ancient Western political thought.
- CO2. Examining the features of Medieval Political thought.
- CO3. Valuating the Renaissance, political thought of Reformation and Machiavelli.
- CO4.Taking an insight into the following Hegel’s views on civil society and State.
CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL ISSUES
- CO1. Eamining the various Environmental issues- Brundtland Commission report, Rio Declaration, Copenhegen Declarataion.
- CO2. Discussing the meaning and nature of terrorism and its various forms.
- CO3. Analysing the issues of Gender justice, Gender Development Index and Gender Budgeting.
B.A ENGLISH
PROGRAMME OUTCOME:
PO 1: After the completion of the Programme students will “understand and use the English language effectively, build vocabulary and will be introduced to the current ideas and issues” through the texts included in their English syllabus.
PO 2: Students will have exposure to the different periods like – Medieval, Renaissance, Neo-classical, Romantic, Victorian, Modernism, Postmodernism etc. and understand their sites of convergence and divergence.
PO 3: Students will gain acquaintance with the socio-political, religious, philosophical and cultural trends that affect the production of texts; simultaneously, how these trends affect their reception.
PO 4: Students will understand theories like Feminism, Post colonialism, New Historicism, Cultural Materialism etc. and their associated concepts through which texts can be “understood.”
PO 5: Students will comprehend the forms and structure of different genres like poetry, drama, novel, short story, biography, autobiography etc. Selected texts from the genres like Poetry, Drama, Novel, and Essay will enable students to analyse them in terms of the theoretical concepts.
PO 6: Specific texts on Biographies, Autobiographies, Memoirs and Letters will enable students to understand the elements of narrativizationin the Life-writings, the constructed nature of the self and the ‘textual’ nature of all lives which are re-made for the readers through the act of telling as the syllabus/programme aims at.
PO 7: Texts from Women Writing will make students realise how with the growing feminist awareness a specific body of literature written by women have become a part of the literary canon. It will enable them to understand how women’s texts foregroundthe status and condition of women and the ways through which they want to demand space and assert “a voice of their own.”
PO 8: The study of texts with an ecological orientation will enable students to understand the symbiotic relationship between literature and physical environment; how nature is not just a passive background in literary texts but has a central presence in determining the interpretation of a particular text.
PO 9: Students will gain a firm grounding regarding the Classical and Judeo-Christian Myths, ideas and images associated with them and their recurrence in the literary texts like poetry, drama, fictions etc.
PO 10: Finally, students will have a critical understanding of what “English” and “Literature” mean in the term English Literature of the course/programme.
Programme Specific Outcome
PS01: A detailed study of the English Major Course will help the students to be more efficient in the English language. Their reading, writing, thinking and communication skills in the English language will be developed.
PS02: The students will learn historical contexts, psycho-social aspects and discern various cultural and moral values. The course will help them to infuse moral-ethical values broadening their overall perspective.
PS03: Students analysis, synthesis and evaluation of the course will develop their critical reading, writing and thinking skills.
PS04: The Course will help the students to understand and analyze the fictional and non-fictional works, poetry and drama of different periods and places. It helps to strengthen their aesthetic sense.
Course outcome
C01: The English Major course will introduce the students to the different circumstances that contributed towards the shaping of literature from 20th century to the present. They will also study the selective works of modern and post-modern era that represents the shifts in trends and movements in critical outwork.
C02: Students are expected to study the special and literary history of the Victorian age and will appreciate poetry, short stories, essays and novels of the period.
C03: It makes the students to be acquainted with the social and literary condition of England from the Restoration period to the Romantic Age. They are about to relate this knowledge to a study of the various genres of that age.
C04: The students will study poetry and drama of medieval period to the Renaissance to relate the circumstances that influenced and contributed to the production of English literary texts.
Curriculum Based Outcome
- History of English language and structure since the early period until modern period enables the student to have a broad purview of the subject.
- Traslation studies is part of the syllabus and students get to study texts written before and after Indian Independence to analyze the different writing styles of writers across the age.
- The social, historical and literary contexts of the classical-Christian myths are something they are exposed to.
- Environment and ecology is of much importance in the present scenario and students get to learn the theories related to ecological criticism.
- Women’s writing is another area where students are aware of the feminist theories and how they reflect on the women’s present status and condition.
- Students are further exposed to different forms of reading and life writing like biographies, memoirs and letters.
- Students are also able to learn other literary forms of writing like essays from texts of the 18th centuries till date.
- English literature students get exposure to literary theories as the texts of 20th century subscribed in their course English and European drama.
B.A GEOGRAPHY
Geography is a spatial science. It includes places, landscape, environment and people. The dynamic relationship between and among them are the main study. It covers natural as well as social sciences. The study of geography is significant to have better appreciation of the Earth surface as our home and have better understanding of its limitations.
A program in geography provides many transferable skills –
PO1 | Cartographer- academic institution, DC office, Circle Office. |
PO2 | Commercial Surveyor- Road networking agencies. |
PO3 | Environmentalist / Environment consultant. |
PO4 | Geographic information systems officer. |
PO5 | Town and country planner. |
PO6 | Planning and development officer. |
PO7 | Academician |
PAPER | COURSE | OUTCOME |
---|---|---|
HC - 1016 | Geomorphology | This course helps to know the unstable nature of the Earth and undergo constant changes due to dynamic process. |
HC - 1026 | Cartographic Techniques | To know different cartographic techniques for measurement and representation of various features of terrain. |
PAPER | COURSE | OUTCOME |
---|---|---|
201 | Oceanography and Climatology | The paper helps to understand the oceans and seas and their shape, size, bottom relief, characteristics of sea water. Earth’s atmosphere, factors of weather and climate. |
202 | World Regional Geography | This course helps to gather the knowledge about different regions. |
203 | Practical on Oceanography, Climatology and Regional Geography | This paper helps us to perform practical on Oceanography, Climatology and World Regional Geography. |
PAPER | COURSE | OUTCOME |
---|---|---|
301 | Soil and Biogeography | The outcome of this course deals with the geography of soil and flora and fauna. |
302 | Economic Geography | For better understanding of economic activities, resource and its conservation. |
303 | Practical on Biogeography, Economic Geography and field study | This paper helps us to perform practical on Biogeography, Economic Geography besides the learning to prepare field study report. |
PAPER | COURSE | OUTCOME |
---|---|---|
401 | Forms and processes in Geomorphology | Helps to understand different geomorphic processes and gather knowledge about the physical hazards and its management. |
402 | Human Geography | To understand how man adjusts physical and cultural environment. |
403 | Practical on Geomorphology | This paper helps to perform various practical on geomorphic processes. |
PAPER | COURSE | OUTCOME |
---|---|---|
501 | Concept of Regional Development planning and Geography of Development of USA and Japan | The paper deals the concept of regional planning and development, development pattern of USA Japan |
502 | Regional geography of India and SAARC Nations | Helps to understand regional geography of India and SAARC nations |
503 | Cartography and Quantitative Methods | Helps to gather knowledge about surveying and map projections |
504 | Population and Settlement geography | Helps to gather knowledge about the population parameter of the world |
505 | Practical on Cartographic Methods | Helps to perform various practical on surveying and map making |
506 | Practical on cartographic and quantitative methods | To give knowledge for using cartographic and quantitative techniques |
PAPER | COURSE | OUTCOME |
---|---|---|
601 | Environment and development | Deals with the concept and issues of environment, development, problem and sustainable management |
602 | Social and political geography | Deals with social and political behavior of nations |
603 | Regional geography of north east India with special focus on Assam | Helps to understand regional geography of north east India, it’s problem and prospect |
604 | Principles and application of Remote sensing, GIS and GPS | Helps to understand the basic concept of remote sensing, GIS and GPS |
605 | Practical on advanced technique in geography | To handle advanced GIS and GPS techniques |
606 | Project work | To prepare a project work considering problem, objective, methodology, data collections, analysis and solution |
B.A HINDI
Programme specific outcome:
Hindi subject studying in degree level is important for students to develop their literary aptitude and linguistic foundation. The study of its literary texts that reflect the socio-cultural and political in tersest of different periods of Hindi literary history would assist the students in comprehending the diverse aspects and issues of the concerned authors and tendencies of the time. Hindi subject help students find engagement opportunities in various fields like translation. Jobs, banking, airport staff and other fields of social science other than teaching. It also stimulates learner’s creative instinct for getting involved in various cultures of literature and language. The language Hindi basically lucid and has been recognizes as Rajyabhasa in India observing 14th September as Hindi Divas. Hindi literature in India is rich and it has universal appeal. True to say its lipi Devanagari is based on scientific reasoning. It is, therefore, India’s prime minister boldly delivered his speech in the UNO conference in Hindi.
Hindi Department of LOKD College provides students platform for various academic and other important programmes with an environment that is intellectually stimulating and challenging and seeks to teach them not only the discipline in all its dimensions but also valuable life lessons.
HINDI (MIL)
Programme specific outcome:
Program | Outcome |
---|---|
PS01 | Students will be able to understand the relation between society, country and literature and the role played by Hindi literature in the past and present. |
PS02 | Students will develop a philosophy of the life inspired by the vision of eminent writers. |
PS03 | Students will gain socio cultural, gender, and environmental consciousness |
PS04 | Students will be introduced to Hindi poetry of Bhaktikal. Hindi works of fiction will be introduced through selected novels to study the history of the development of literature and introduced to the origin of Hindi language and literature |
HINDI (MIL)
Programme specific outcome:
Program | Outcome |
---|---|
P01 | Students will understand the role by the poets of Hindi kavya – Dhara in “Bhaktikal” in literature and society and the strategy of convering worship to a struggle for cultural freedom. |
P02 | Students will get to know the socio economic and cultural conditions of medieval and modern Indian society through a study of selected novels and short stories. |
P03 | Essays on literacy and topic of social cultural and political consciousness enlighten the students about these aspects. |
P04 | Hindi drama dealing with various themes related to social concerns will enable the students to see the how society is represented in literature. |
P05 | Students will attain knowledge of Assamese language and literature. |
P06 | Students will learn applications of Functional Hindi and translation. A history of Hindi literature will enable the students to understand its development. |
Course specific outcome:
Paper | Name of Paper | Course Outcome |
---|---|---|
1.1 | Hindi Kavya Dhara | Students will study in this paper poetry related to the literary and historical contexts studied in the previous paper. |
Paper 2 | Hindi Katha Sahitya and Hindi Ka Upanyas sahitya | This paper includes the studies of the ancient times. This will help the students to increase their knowledge about the ancient times. These are the literatures for a particular period of time which keeps a link with present works of literatures and development knowledge in future and present times. |
Paper 3 | Hindi Nibandh Sahitya | This paper is aliterary paper which includes the wssays of some of the famous Hindi writers from this paper student get more knowledge and helps their future studies. |
Paper 4 | Hindi Natya Sahitya | This paper helps the students to come to know about the history of dramas and the life sketches of the famous personalities related to drama. |
History
Course Outcome (Major)
C01:- Introduction to History
This paper aims at providing the basic idea of Historiography i.e. the theoretical aspect of the subject, its evolution, methodology, categorization and different school of history writing, basic understanding of the subject and its scope.
C02:- History of India (Upto 300 AD)
This paper intends to make student familiar with Geographical background of the history of India starting from pre-historical phase, growth of civilization and most importantly the process of state formation.
C03:- History of India (300-1200 A.D)
In this paper the age of imperial Gupta, Post Gupta political developments are discussed, Polity, society, economy, rise of regional powers are analyzed.
C04:- History of ancient civilizations of the World
Students must get the insight regarding growth of civilization around the world.
C05:- India under the Turko-Afghans
In this paper, students acquire the idea of the political transition of India as the country enters the Turko-Afghan phase.
C106:- History of Assam (5th Century AD to 1228)
This paper on regional history covers the History of Assam from 5th century AD to 1228 with focus on Political, Economic Religion and Cultural aspects.
C 407:- India under the Mughals
Right from the Advent of the Mughals, founding of the empire and the socio-economic and cultural transition, interface with varied aspects of Persian culture till coming of the Europeans, these are the focused area of this paper.
C408:- History of Europe (1453-1789)
Transition from Medieval to Modern in Europe is covered in the paper. Starting with feudalism to Renaissance, Reformation and the emergence of a particular political trend, rise of Capitalism, imperialism and its impact worldwide students come across and get the insight into these trend-setting events.
C509:- India under the East India company
Coming of the Europeans and contemporary Indian politics and eventually the rise of EIC as political entity in India through a process of conflict, socio-political impact on India, economic administrative changes in the 18th century students get familiarized with while doing this course.
C510:- History of Assam (1228-1826)
In this paper History of Assam is covered from 13th to 19th century. Political condition of Brahmaputra valley, advent of the Ahoms, Ahom-Mughal conflict, Rise of the Koch power along with economic, social and religious changes students come across.
C511:- History of Europe (1789-1870)
Major intellectual currents manifested through French Revolution, rise of Napoleon, downfall and its aftermath in Europe, unfolding complicated issues in Europe along with formative movements are taught in this paper.
C512:- History of Science and Technology in Pre-colonial India
In this paper, it is attempted to acquaint students with the advancement of Science and technology in Pre-colonial India. Starting from the Stone Age technology, Metallurgy craft, cultural phases, contributions of early astronomers, mathematician till advent of new technology in medieval India.
C513:- Great Britain 1485-1820
Students in this paper are introduced to the great formative period of the history of Great Britain. Transition from feudalism to absolute monarchy, wave of Renaissance and reformation, emergence of Great Britain as a great colonial power along with constitutional development
C514:- History of China 1839-1949
This paper deals with the history of China to be precise condition of China prior to the advent of Europeans, Resurgence of China, reform movements and the gradual emergence of a nationalist China conflict with the rising communism and eventual establishment of Republic
C615:- India under the Crown (1858-1947)
This is a paper on India’s interface with British imperialism. Taking over India by the crown, impact of Indian nationalism and a strong resistance movement culminating in the attainment of independence
C616:- History of Assam (1826-1947)
This paper deals with Assam coming into contact with the British EIC. Students get the insight of a transition period in Assam. End of Ahom rule and British territorial expansion in Assam and resistance against British and attainment of independence there are the highlight of this paper.
C617:- History of Europe (1871-1945)
This paper deals with History of Europe from 1870, considered a turning point in the context of major European powers. Formative movement in Germany and Italy, Rise of fascism, Nazism eventually leading to the two great wars and the experimentation with the first international organization League of Nations
C618:- World Since 1945
This paper on international relation starts with UNO and various conflicting issues of the contemporary world for instance crisis in Middle East, East Asia, aftermath of decolonization in Africa.
C619:- History of Japan (1853-1941)
In this paper, students are given a general idea of the history of Japan from the middle of the 19th century. End of Shogunatte, Commodore Parry’s are elaborately discussed coming, crisis of feudalism growth of Japan as imperial power and its entry into the world war.
C620:- Project
Students get to acquaint themselves with methodological framework of research project. As per the requirement of the curriculum students prepare and get the preliminary idea of project report writing.
History General
CO1:- In paper on early India Students get an idea of the ancient civilization in India, State formation protestants movements, Empire building process initiated by the Mauryan, regional power, politics in North and South India.
C2.2:-Early Assam upto 1228 AD
This paper intends to provide a comprehensive narrative of the History of Assam starting with source material till the advent of Ahoms high lighting socio-economic and cultural trends along with political developments.
C3.3:- History of India (1206-1526)
This paper focuses on the political developments of medieval India with the establishment of Delhi Sultanate, regional powers, changes in military organization, economy and religious trends.
C3.4:- History of Assam (1228-1826) AD
This is a paper on regional history dealing with the advent of Ahoms in the political sphere Assam, their territorial expansion, conflict with other powers, internal crisis and eventual downfall.
C4.5:- History of India (1526-1757)
This paper gives a general idea of the advent of the Mughals, founding of the empire introduction of new trends in economy, culture, society etc.
C4.6:- History of Europe (1453-1815)
This paper covers a transitional phase in Europe from Medieval to Modern. Renaissance ushering in revolutionary change in European thought, reformation, intellectual revolution preceding French Revolution, rise and fall of Napoleon
C5.7:- History of India (1757-1857)
In this paper students get acquainted with prevailing socio political condition in 18th century India EIC’s penetration in Indian political administration and expansionist policies, relation with north Indian political powers resulting in a resistance against company’s rule.
C5.8:- History of Europe (1815-1939)
Students get familiarized with significant political development in Europe in the aftermath of the downfall of Napoleonic Empiric starting with the concert of Europe, formative movement in Germary and Italy, Rise of fascism and Nazism leading to the two Great Wars.
C6.9:- History of India (1858-1947)
In this paper, history of India is covered focusing on the administrative changes consequent to 1857 the revolt, crown taking over India’s administration, structural changes in administration, socio- religious movement, growth of nationalism, anti imperialist movement leading to attainment of independence. Students get an overview of the trends in socio-political spheres in India.
C6.10:- Modern Assam (1826-1947)
In this paper, students are introduced to the advent of British EIC into Assam. Changes in the administration, early anti British uprising, company’s territorial expansion, new awakening, formation of political association and phases of the nationalist movement
PO1: Students get familiarized with application of methodology in the study of history along with different schools of history writing.
PO2: Students get initiated to different periods in the history of India and its emergence as a political entity
PO3: Growth of Civilization in various parts of the world provides the students the basic understanding of the transitional phases and its consequences.
PO4: Students will have basic understanding of India’s interface with colonialism, process of the nation in the making.
PO5: Students will get an overview about Scientific and technological advancement in Pre-colonial India.
PO6: Students will get initiated to the history of two Asiatic countries China and Japan, and the rise of their two years.
An undergraduate student pursuing BA in history enables student to have an in depth understanding of the academic discipline methodology of scope Students acquire the capability of pressuring higher studies after completion BA program in history. Various avenues get opened for job especially civil service and academic field.
PSO1: Students acquires the ability of applying mythological tools in the study of history and different perspective of this academic discipline.
PSO2: Systemic study of the various historical periods covering different countries of the world enable students will have a basic understanding of the various aspects history.
PSO3: Students will be familiarized with the history of Assam in a comprehensive manner from ancient to modern culminating in the attainment of freedom.
B.A / B.Sc Mathematics
Programme specific outcome:
Mathematics is the study of topics such as quantity (number theory), structure (algebra), space (Geometry) and change (analysis). It has no generally accepted definition. It is the science that draws necessary conclusion. It gives us concepts which are essential in the advanced study for all branches of science.
The course of mathematics is designed in such a way that it gives the students the required basic concepts which will lead to think logically about the day to day activities that mathematics can explain. The course is so flexible that the student can take note and use it for advance work and resource purpose in that field. It also includes projects work which will built research spirit among the students.
After successful completion of this programme, the student will be able to explain the core idea and technique of mathematics, will be able to transmit mathematical ideas, can teach us the real value of mathematics in ground level, will be to investigate and solve unfamiliar maths problem and many more.
Paper | Course Outcomes |
---|---|
Algebra and Trigonometry | CO1: It gives the basic idea of Groups Relation, Function. CO2: Concepts of Matrices, Complex numbers are discussed elaborately. |
Calculus | CO1: Different types of differentiation and its application in real life are discussed and many problems are solved CO2: It gives the idea to solve Integration using different methods. |
Differential Equation | CO1: It gives us various methods to solve differential equations and its uses in various fields. |
Co-ordinate Geometry | CO1: It gives us the concept of lines distances, points in both 2-D and 3-D |
Abstract Algebra | CO1: To study the concept of Rings, Ideas, Groups and pure mathematics |
Linear Algebra and Vectors | CO1: To Study the vector equation and its uses. |
Real Analysis | CO1: It gives the idea of Pure mathematics such as convergence, limits, sequence, limits, functions etc. |
Mechanics | CO1: To study the mathematical concept about the physical word like center of Gravity, Moment of Inertial, Force, Fluids etc. |
Probability | CO1: To study the concept of sample space, experiments, expectation, probability distributions and enhance their skills. |
Optimization | CO1: To study the concept of optimizing the profit, to learn about transportation, assign tasks etc. |
Space Dynamics | CO1: To understand the astronomical processes and systems relating to sun, stars, day, night etc. |
Number Theory | CO1: To study and understand the concept of numbers. |
Computer Application | CO1: To learn to write programming using software’s like C++, C etc. |
Topology | CO1: To Understand the basic concept of metric space, open sphere, closed sphere, normed linear space, metric space etc. |
Graph Theory | CO1: To study the concept of points, lines, its uses in various field and its starting. |
B.A Nepali
Programme specific outcome:
Nepali is a literature subject. It includes the study of literature poem, drama, story, Kotha Sahitya, novel, essay, Nepali grammar and Nepali culture.
Program | Course Outcomes |
---|---|
PO1 | Students will learn the history of Nepali culture. |
PO2 | The study of Nepali subject helps the students to enhance the Nepali language. |
PO3 | The students / learners help to gather the knowledge of drama, sahitya and traditional as well as modern Nepali culture. |
PO4 | By learning Nepali subject a student may become writer novelist dramatist poet and a good educationist. |
Course outcomes B.A. Nepali (Elective):
Paper | Course | Outcome |
---|---|---|
B.A. 1st Sem | Nepali Poetry from beginning to Devkota | This course helps to know the history of poetry from the beginning to Devkota. |
B.A. 2nd Sem | Nepali poetry after Devkota | This course helps to know the development of Nepali Poetry after Devkota and others. |
B.A. 3rd Sem | Nepali drama from beginning to Sama | The learner can understand the history of Nepali drama |
B.A. 4th Sem | Nepali drama after Sama | The learner can understand the development of Nepali drama after Sama |
B.A. 5th Sem | Nepali essay and Nepali short story and Nepali Novel | The learner can gather the knowledge of Nepali essay, short story and Nepali Novel. |
B.A. 6th Sem | Eastern Criticism and Western Criticism, History of Nepali Literature and History of Nepali Language | Students learn the criticism of eastern and western criticizer of Nepali literature. |
Course outcomes B.A. Nepali (MIL):
Paper | Course | Outcome |
---|---|---|
B.A. 1st Sem | Nepali Poetry | Learning of the knowledge of Nepali poetry. |
B.A. 2nd Sem | Nepali drama and Novel | Learning of History of Nepali drama and Novel. |
B.A. 3rd Sem | Nepali prose (Fictional + Nonfictional) | Study of prose section liked Ratbhari Huri Chalya (I.B. Rai). |
B.A. 4th Sem | Grammar Composition and unseen essay | Learning of grammar composition and unseen essay. |
B.A Philosophy
Philosophy as a subject which investigate the origin, aim, nature, meaning, purpose of human life and the world. The word philosophy is divided from the Greek word “philos”, which means love and “Sophia”, which means wisdom or knowledge. So philosophy means love of wisdom or knowledge or search for truth or pursuit of knowledge for is owns sake. The main branches of philosophy are Epistemology, Metaphysics and Axiology .Studying philosophy inculcates in us the habit of thinking, yields, intellectual strengths and power a new idea, makes us more decisive , enhances confidence, determines the value for life ,yields metaphysical knowledge, gives true freedom to man, can guide the scientific civilization along the right path.
Philosophy is a comprehensive study of the universe as a whole. Therefore, philosophy is an essential part of a higher education and associated with religion, intellect, moral, Art & aesthetic and polities etc. It is in this sense philosophy is described as the criticism of life and experience.
B.A (Major course):
M. 104204 – Logic
M. 105205 – Epistemology and Metaphysics
M. 304404 – Indian philosophy
M. 305405 – History of modern western philosophy
M. 501601 – Greek philosophy
M. 502602- Contemporary Indian philosophy
M. 503603 -Contemporary western philosophy
M. 504604- Ethics
M. 505605- Philosophy of religion
M. 506 -Social philosophy
M. 606 -Dissertation
C.O. M. 104/204 Logic: Logic teaches us the principle of valid though and it is lays down rules for the attainment of truth and avoid of error. The study of logic controls our though, makes our inferences correct and thus helps us to attain true knowledge which is essential in everyday affairs of our life.
C.O.M 105/205 Epistemology and metaphysics: Epistemology means the science of knowledge. Its helps the students to know what is known and how It is known. And how it is possible, how we can attain it. The science which investigate into the nature, condition and limits of correct knowledge is known as Epistemology
Metaphysics means what comes after physics. The study of metaphysics students will understand the real nature of the world, life and god and absolute reality which is common ground of both world and life.
C.O.M 304/404 Indian philosophy: Indian philosophy teaches us how o turn human beings to spiritual because Indian philosophy discusses all philosophical speculations of India, ancient and modern ,Hindus and Non-Hindus, theist and atheists.
C.O.M.305/405 History of modern western philosophy: The modern western philosophy begins with immense faith in human capacity to know everything .Its helps the students to how the traditional faith and the authority of the church were diminished and the authority of the science increased. The modern western philosophy is the subservient to scientific methodology.
C.O.M. 501/601 Greek philosophy: Greek philosophy is an important aspect of philosophy. Many of the ideas proposed by Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and others have helped to set the agenda for much of the subsequent development of western philosophy by introducing the major problem that have come to define it. Greek philosophy also helped us to know what is good. What is happiness? What is virtue? Etc.
C.O.M 502/602 Contemporary Indian philosophy: contemporary Indian philosophy helped students to introduce Gandhian philosophy and thoughts, Sri Aurobindo integral yoga and Rabindranath Tagore’s poetic philosophy. Its helps students to learn practical use of Gita and Vedanta of swami Vivekananda.
C.O.M. 503/603 Contemporary western philosophy: contemporary western philosophy deals with the logical analysis and specialized problems. It helps to understand the concept of knowledge, substance, and nature of the real world. It’s mainly deals with how the relationship between knower and known can establish?
C.O.M 504/604 Ethics: Ethics is the study of what is right? And what is wrong? The study of ethics lead one o developed skill in articulating own values, to provide others with reason for actions. Through ethics, a student can look upon his life critically and values his actions and decisions.
C.O.M.505 Philosophy of religion: A study of religion offers students the opportunity to acquire an understanding of religious experience within its social, historical, literacy and political context.
C.O.M. 605 Social philosophy: Its helps students for better understanding of social issues and expounding their personal concept and pre-supposition about our social issues and problem. Social philosophy is concern with the relationship that individuals have in society.
C.O.M. 606 Dissertation: Dissertation paper helps students to gain practical knowledge and building experience of survey. Its help their group work skill and learn problem solving techniques.
P.O.1: Its helps students gain knowledge of classical philosophy and inculcates in them inherent virtues and values of classical philosophy.
P.O.2: Student will be introduced to some of the central problems of metaphysics such as God, soul, etc and the nature of reality and existence. Epistemology deals with nature of knowledge. Its helps students to understand the relationship between the knower and the known.
P.O.3: Students will understand Indian philosophy by Indian ancient’s scriptures such as Vedas, Upanishad, Gita, etc. The study of yoga helps students to developed mental and physical power.
P,O.4: Students will be familiar with the western culture and philosophical traditions.
P.O.5: Students will able o learn some ethical dilemmas for their everyday life.
P.O.6: Religion philosophy gives opportunity to acquire an understanding of religious experience.
P.O.7: students will able to think about social issues, problems, inequalities social relations and social structure
B.A./B.Sc.-Statistics
Program out come
Statistics is the language of the uncertainties riddled modern information age. This program is a compact combination of detailed courses of statistics and adequate amount of courses on computer science, mathematics and operation Research to complement and offer diversification after the completion of program. The thrust of the program is to provide a platform for pursuing higher studies leading to post graduate or doctorate degrees. Along with this students are equipped with skill enhancement courses like Research methodology, statistical packages. This enhances technical skills, which prepare students to become globalles competitive to enter into a promising professional life even after graduation. This proram offers a range of traditional avenues in academics, Govt Service, IAS, Indian Statistical/Economic services, Industries, commerce personnel/Investigator in Govt. organizations. It also provides an array of non-traditional employment avenues ranging from stock Brokers Analyst, Sports Analyst, Poll Analyst, Business Analyst, Financial Analyst etc.
Program outcome (Major):
Describe- Statistics:
Paper 101: This paper aims at solving a variety of economics problems such as wages, prices, analysis of time series and demand analysis.
Probability – 2
Paper 102: This paper provide students knowledge of analysis of random phenomena. The actual outcome is considered determined by chance.
Paper 103: Practical based on paper 101 AND PAPER 102
Numerical and computational Techniques – 1
Paper 201: This paper leads to recognize under what condition a method can be followed and what starting value to choose from in order to ensure that the chosen method shall work.
Mathematical method – 1
Paper 202: Student will have knowledge of basic properties of the field of real numbers, the knowledge of the series of real numbers and convergence, the knowledge of real function limits of functions and their properties and the differentiability of real functions and related theorems.
Paper 203: Practical based on paper 201
Mathematical Methods – II
Paper 301: This paper helps students to use computational techniques and algebraic skills essential for the study of systems of linear equations, matrix algebra and critically analyze and construct mathematical arguments that relate to the study of linear algebra.
Distribution -1
Paper 302: Upon successful completion of this course students will be able to use discrete and continuous probability distributions, including requirements, mean and variance and malaing decisions. They also identify the type of statistical situation to which different distributions can be applied.
Paper 303: practical based on topics in paper 301 and 302.
Mathematical Methods – 3 and or 1
Paper 401: This paper provide knowledge of a wide range of mathematical techniques and application of mathematical method/tools in order scientific and engineering domains.
Descriptive Statistics – 2 and Probability – 2
Paper 402: After completion this course, the students should have developed a clear understanding of different approaches to the theory of sampling. It also provide knowledge of tolls needed to analyze stochastic processes.
Paper 403: Practical from paper 401 and paper 402
Sampling Distribution and Statistical Inference – 1
Paper 501: This paper provide information of sampling distribution and statistical inference. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties about a population, this includes testing hypotheses and deriving estimates.
Sample Survey
Paper 502: After completing the course, students have developed clear understanding of basic concept of survey sampling. Most of the research work is done through sample Survey.
Applied Statistics -1
Paper 503: This course will help students to know the applications of Statistics and will give exposure to the fields of Statistics vix. Time series, Index number, Statistical Quality control. It also gives information about the basic concepts of linear models, which are useful both in the planning stages of research and the analysis of data.
Operations Research II
Paper 504 : This paper contain the topic ‘Operation Research’ which is not only confined to any specific agency like defence services but today it is widely used in all industrial organization.
Paper 505: Practicals based on paper 501 and paper 502
Paper 506: Practicals based on paper 503 and paper 504
Paper 601: Statistical Inference
This paper provides information of deducing properties of an underlying probability distribution by analysis of data. Students should have achieved testing of hypothesis using Non-parametric tests like median test, Run test, U test etc. and ability to use them judiciously for the testing of given data.
Paper 602: Design of Experiments
This paper contains the topics ‘Design of Experiment’ is widely used in many fields with broad application across all the natural and social sciences to name a few: Bio Statistics, Agriculture, marketing, software engineering, Industry etc.
Paper 603: Applied Statistics – 2
After completion the course, students should have developed clear understanding of Indian official statistical system. It also give information about demographic data and give knowledge about various rates of fertility and mortality. They will also be having hands on practice of working on the data and interpreting the results related to above mentioned fields.
Paper 604: Computer Programming and Multivariate Analysis
The learning objective include study of theoretical concepts of Bivariate Normal and multivariate normal Distributions along with their properties, Analyze multi variate data. It also give information about the Fortran language, writing small programs for determination of commonly used statistical measures and for carrying out simple statistical analysis
Paper 605: Practical’s based on Design of Experiments, Testing of Hypothesis, Non-parametric and Demography
Project
Student will be required to go for data collection of some topics under the guidance of teachers of department. While data collection may be done in a group, the analysis, conclusion and report writing would have to be done individually by each student. By doing this project, Students should have developed clear understanding of collecting, tabulating, analysis and reporting of data